Table 2.

Reported outcomes by mHealth intervention type.

Intervention type (number of studies) and reference		Categories of outcome measure
		Treatment outcome	Treatment outcome by WHOa definition	Adherence	Process measure	Perception	Technical outcome	Health outcome	QoLb	Knowledge	Cost-effectiveness	Cost	Psychosocial outcome	Mortality
Short message service (SMS; 12 studies)
	[22]	✓c	✓	✓	—d	—	—	✓	—	—	—	—	—	—
	[15]	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	[29]	✓	—	✓	✓	✓	—	—	—	—	✓	—	—	—
	[30]	✓	—	✓	✓	✓	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	[32]	✓	—	—	✓	✓	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	[35]	—	—	—	—	✓	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	[36]	—	—	—	—	✓	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	[12]	—	—	✓	✓	✓	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	[42]	✓	✓	—	✓	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	[43]	—	—	—	✓	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	[45]	✓	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	✓	—	—
	[46]	✓	—	—	—	—	—	✓	—	—	✓	✓	—	—
SMS plus others (5 studies)
	[24]	✓	—	—	✓	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	✓
	[27]	✓	✓	✓	—	—	—	—	✓	✓	—	—	✓	—
	[33]	✓	—	—	✓	—	✓	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	[41]	—	—	—	—	—	✓	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	[44]	✓	✓	✓	—	✓	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Mobile app (6 studies)
	[25]	✓	✓	✓	—	—	—	—	✓	✓	—	—	—	—
	[28]	—	—	—	✓	✓	✓	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	[37]	—	—	—	—	✓	✓	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	[38]	—	—	✓	—	✓	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	[39]	—	—	—	—	—	✓	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	[40]	—	—	—	—	✓	✓	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Phone calls or interactive voice response (3 studies)
	[31]	—	—	—	✓	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	[34]	—	—	—	—	✓	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	[14]	✓	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Mobile data collection (1 study)
	[21]	—	—	—	—	—	✓	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

^aWHO: World Health Organization.

^bQoL: quality of life.

^cTick marks indicate that the specific category of outcome measure was reported.

^dOutcome measure was not reported.