Table 1.

Concepts derived from the literature review and local data elements mapped to concept variables in the prediction model.

Category and care component		Model concept	EMRa data element in development site	EMR data element in validation site
Patients’ characteristics
	Demographics	Age	Age	Age
	Diagnosis or procedure	Primary and secondary dxb, surgical operation	Medical dx. (ICDc code), dates of surgical operation	Medical dx. (ICD code), dates of surgical operation
	Administrative	Discharge unit, medical department, hospital days	Discharge unit, medical department, length of stay	Discharge unit, medical department, length of stay
Contributing factors: patient
	Physiological or disease-related factors	Visual and hearing impairment, elimination impairment, gait, mobility impairment, use of walking aids or devices, presence of dizziness, general weakness, orthostatic hypertension, and pain	Nursing assessment and dx.; physiologic evaluation and problem (eg, impaired mobility, incontinence, etc), KPCSd	Nursing assessment and dx.; physiologic evaluation and problem (eg, impaired mobility, incontinence, etc), KPCS
	Cognitive factors	Dementia, delirium, disorientation, level of consciousness, fear, irritability, noncompliance	Nursing assessment or dx.; cognitive function (eg, acute confusion, disorientation, noncompliance, etc)	Nursing assessment or dx.; cognitive function (eg, acute confusion, disorientation, noncompliance, etc)
	Behavioral factors	Fall history, sleep impairment	Presence of past falls, nursing dx. related to sleep	Presence of past falls, nursing dx. related to sleep
	Therapeutics	Medications, adverse reaction to medications, catheter (IVe-line, tube, Foley), use of restraints	Medication list by class (sedatives, antidepressant, antiemetics, antipsychotics, antianxiety drugs, diuretics, antiepileptics, antihypertensives, analgesics, antiarrhythmics and NSAIDsf), Physician order of fluid injection, tube, Foley and restraints.	Medication list by class (sedatives, antidepressant, antiemetics, antipsychotics, antianxiety drugs, diuretics, antiepileptics, antihypertensives, analgesics, antiarrhythmics and NSAIDs), Physician order of fluid injection, tube, Foley and restraints.
Mitigating factors
	Universal fall precautions	Fall precautions on admission, regular rounds	Nursing interventions; safety education on admission, rounds per 2 hours	Nursing interventions; safety education on admission, rounds per 2 hours
	Education and communication	Patient and caregiver education, presence of bedsitter, use of visual indicators, communicating fall risk status to care team	Nursing interventions; fall prevention education, presence of bedsitter, use of visual indicators, and activities communicating fall risk status to care team	Nursing interventions; fall prevention education, presence of bedsitter, use of visual indicators, and activities communicating fall risk status to care team
	Observation and surveillance	Fall risk assessment tool	Hendrich II score and subscores [2]	STRATIFYg score and subscores [1],
	Risk-target intervention	Cognitive and mental function	Nursing interventions: repeatedly provision of orientation, hourly rounding, assigning room close to nursing station, keep caregivers or family members on bed-side, etc.	Nursing interventions: repeatedly provision of orientation, hourly rounding, assigning room close to nursing station, keep caregivers or family members on bed-side, etc.
		Toileting problem	Nursing interventions: provision toilet scheduling, assist toileting, provision comodo or bed-pan, etc.	Nursing interventions: provision toilet scheduling, assist toileting, provision comodo or bed-pan, etc.
		Impaired mobility	Nursing interventions: provision of mobility devices, walking aids, and assistance, etc.	Nursing interventions: provision of mobility devices, walking aids, and assistance, etc.
		Medication review	Nursing interventions: rearranging medication time, provision side-effect precaution, etc.	Nursing interventions: rearranging medication time, provision side-effect precaution, etc.
		Sleep disturbance	Nursing interventions: attention to night movement and noise, inducing sleep pattern changes, etc.	Nursing interventions: attention to night movement and noise, inducing sleep pattern changes, etc.
	Environmental intervention	Keeping paths clear, inspect furniture, equipment, lighting, floor, room arrangement	Nursing interventions; environmental targeted	Nursing interventions; environmental targeted

^aEMR: electronic medical record.

^bdx: diagnoses.

^cICD: International Classification of Diseases.

^dKPCS: Korean Patient Classification System.

^eIV: intravenous.

^fNSAIDs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents.

^gSTRATIFY: St. Thomas’ Risk Assessment Tool in Falling Elderly Inpatients.