Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of patients in the test and control groups.
| Category | Test group (N=22) | Control group (N=22) | |
| Sex, n (%) | |||
| Female | 6 (27) | 9 (40) | |
| Male | 16 (72) | 13 (59) | |
| Dropout, n (%) | 2 (9) | 0 (0) | |
| Age (years), n (%) | |||
| 30-40 | 1 (4) | 4 (18) | |
| 50-60 | 12 (54) | 11 (50) | |
| 70-80 | 8 (36) | 7 (31) | |
| Over 80 | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | |
| Method of surgery, n (%) | |||
| Laparotomy | 10 (45) | 8 (36) | |
| Laparoscopy, robotics | 12 (54) | 14 (63) | |
| Physicians, n (%) | |||
| Dr K | 9 (40) | 7 (31) | |
| Dr B | 3 (13) | 3 (13) | |
| Dr S | 5 (22) | 5 (22) | |
| Dr L | 5 (22) | 7 (31) | |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | |||
| Tuberculosis | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2 (8) | 2 (9) | |
| Hypertension | 4 (20) | 8 (36) | |
| Others | 2 (10) | 2 (9) | |
| Time of surgerya (min), mean (SD) | 168 (54) | 170 (36) | |
aTime of surgery was defined as the time from anesthesia to extubation time.