Table 5.
Monoclonal antibodies reported in HS including drugs under investigation.
| Monoclonal antibody | Mechanism(s) of action |
Quality of evidence15 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Therapeutic target | Proposed mechanism in HS | ||
| Adalimumab | TNF-α | Reduction in TNF-α associated inflammation as well as keratinocyte-mediated feed-forward mechanisms. |
A |
| Etanercept | TNF-α | B | |
| Infliximab | TNF-α | B | |
| Anakinra | IL-1R | Interruption of keratinocyte-mediated feed-forward mechanisms as well as microbiome-associated inflammatory drive. | B NCT 01516749 NCT 01558375 |
| Bermekimab (MABp1) | IL-1α | B NCT 02643654 |
|
| Secukinumab | IL-17A | Preferential suppression of keratinocyte-induced feed-forward mechanisms and correction of Th17/Treg dysfunction | Trials ongoing NCT 03099980 |
| Bimikizumab | IL-17A / IL-17F | Trials ongoing NCT 03248531 |
|
| Ixekizumab | IL-17A | C (case reports) |
|
| Ustekinumab | IL-12 /IL-23 p40 subunit |
Trials ongoing NCT 01704534 |
|
| Guselkumab | IL-23 | Trials ongoing NCT 03628924 |
|
| IFX-1 | C5a | Indirect suppression of TNF-α via upstream pathways | Trials ongoing (NCT 03001622) |
| Efalizumab | LFA-1 | Interruption of ICAM-1-mediated inflammation No improvement in prospective trial (n = 5) |
NCT 00134134 |
| Drugs under investigation | |||
| MEDI8968 | IL-1 receptor I inhibitor | Interruption of keratinocyte-mediated feed-forward mechanisms as well as microbiome-associated inflammatory drive. | Trials ongoing NCT 01838499 |
| CJM112 | IL-17A inhibitor | Preferential suppression of keratinocyte-induced feed-forward mechanisms and correction of Th17/Treg dysfunction | Trials ongoing NCT 02421172 |
HS, hidradenitis suppurativa; IL, interleukin; NCT, ClinicalTrials.gov identifier; PDE4, phosphodiesterase 4; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; Treg, T regulator cell.