Table 1.

Demographic data and socioeconomic status of eligible subjects.

Parameters/Groups	HC (n = 1438)		HR (n = 3392)		CKD (n = 5627)		pa
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Gender							<0.001
Male	477	33.2	1554	45.8	3247	57.7
Female	961	66.8	1838	54.2	2380	42.3
Age (yrs)							<0.001
mean ± SD	46.62 ± 15.15		57.59 ± 14.30		61.04 ± 15.21
<45	680	47.3	616	18.2	796	14.1
45–64	551	38.3	1589	46.8	2285	40.6
65–74	138	9.6	794	23.4	1386	24.6
>75	69	4.8	393	11.6	1160	20.6
Residential area of Taiwan							<0.001
Northern	619	43.0	1206	35.6	2419	43.0
Central	413	28.7	1127	33.2	1373	24.4
Southern	406	28.3	1059	31.2	1835	32.6
Education level							<0.001
<Junior high (%)	267	18.6	1442	42.5	2864	50.9
Senior high (%)	598	41.6	1323	39.0	1879	33.4
>College (%)	572	39.8	628	18.5	883	15.7
Occupation							<0.001
None	362	25.2	1638	48.3	3191	56.7
Government	104	7.2	149	4.4	242	4.3
Agriculture	11	0.8	64	1.9	135	2.4
Business	135	9.4	319	9.4	445	7.9
Labor	121	8.4	282	8.3	405	7.2
Other	705	49	940	27.7	1210	21.5
Household income (NT$)							<0.001
None (%)	224	15.6	1238	36.5	2481	44.1
<40,000 (%)	387	26.9	987	29.1	1559	27.7
4–90,000 (%)	520	36.2	814	24.0	1092	19.4
>90,000 (%)	306	21.3	353	10.4	495	8.8

Note: Unless otherwise indicated, values are number (percentage). The eligible subjects were recruited patient from 2008 to 2010. N = 10,457.

Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; HC, healthy control; HR, high risk; NT$, New Taiwan dollar.

^aChi-square test. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.