Table 4.
Bivariate and multivariate analyses of participant characteristics and health literacy among outpatients attending Hospital Cayetano Heredia, June–August 2017
| Participant characteristics (N=272) | High health literacy n (%) | Low health literacy n (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | P-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of participant | ||||||
| Patient | 164 (74.2) | 57 (25.8) | 2.2 (1.2–4.1)a | 0.02a | – | |
| Family/friend | 29 (56.9) | 22 (43.1) | 1 | – | ||
| Age group | – | |||||
| 18–32 | 70 (71.4) | 28 (28.6) | 1 | – | ||
| 33–47 | 62 (72.9) | 23 (27.1) | 1.1 (0.6–2.1) | 0.82 | ||
| 48–62 | 45 (67.2) | 22 (32.8) | 0.8 (0.4–1.6) | 0.56 | ||
| ≥63 | 16 (72.7) | 6 (27.3) | 1.1 (0.4–3.0) | 0.90 | ||
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 129 (71.7) | 51 (28.3) | 1.1 (0.6–1.9) | 0.72 | ||
| Male | 64 (69.6) | 28 (30.4) | 1 | – | ||
| District of residence | ||||||
| San Martín de Porres | 58 (69.9) | 25 (30.1) | 1.1 (0.4–3.1) | 0.90 | ||
| Los Olivos | 43 (74.1) | 15 (25.9) | 1.3 (0.4–4.1) | 0.63 | ||
| Independencia | 25 (73.5) | 9 (26.5) | 1.3 (0.4–4.4) | 0.69 | ||
| Comas | 13 (68.4) | 6 (31.6) | 1 | – | ||
| Other | 54 (69.2) | 24 (30.8) | n/a | |||
| Highest education attained | ||||||
| None/primary | 44 (74.6) | 15 (25.4) | 1.2 (0.6–2.4) | 0.63 | ||
| Secondary | 89 (71.2) | 36 (28.8) | 1 | – | ||
| Technical | 28 (70.0) | 12 (30.0) | 0.9 (0.4–2.1) | 0.88 | ||
| University | 32 (66.7) | 16 (33.3) | 0.8 (0.4–1.7) | 0.56 | ||
| Occupation | ||||||
| None | 12 (66.7) | 6 (33.3) | 0.6 (0.2–1.8) | 0.38 | ||
| Homemaker | 72 (76.6) | 22 (23.4) | 1 | – | ||
| Commerce | 16 (66.7) | 8 (33.3) | 0.6 (0.2–1.6) | 0.32 | ||
| Student | 22 (78.6) | 6 (21.4) | 1.1 (0.4–3.1) | 0.83 | ||
| Driver/collector | 10 (71.4) | 4 (28.6) | 0.8 (0.2–2.7) | 0.67 | ||
| Construction | 6 (54.6) | 5 (45.5) | 0.4 (0.1–1.3)a | 0.12a | – | |
| Health care workers | 5 (45.5) | 6 (54.6) | 0.3 (0.1–0.9)a | 0.04a | – | |
| Other | 50 (69.4) | 22 (30.6) | n/a | |||
| Socioeconomic status | ||||||
| No poverty | 181 (74.2) | 63 (25.8) | 3.8 (1.7–8.5)a | 0.001a | 3.8 (1.6–8.9) | 0.002 |
| Poverty | 12 (42.9) | 16 (57.1) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Health insurance | ||||||
| None | 26 (86.7) | 4 (13.3) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| State health insurance | 123 (65.8) | 64 (34.2) | 0.3 (0.1–0.9)a | 0.03a | 0.4 (0.1–1.1) | 0.08 |
| Social security (EsSalud) | 38 (82.6) | 8 (17.4) | 0.7 (0.2–2.7) | 0.64 | 0.8 (0.2–2.9) | 0.71 |
| Other/Private | 6 (66.7) | 3 (33.3) | 0.3 (0.1–1.8)a | 0.18a | 0.2 (0.04–1.4) | 0.12 |
| Frequency of hospital visits | ||||||
| At least monthly | 43 (59.7) | 29 (40.3) | 0.5 (0.3–1.0)a | 0.05a | 0.7 (0.3–1.4) | 0.31 |
| Every 3 months | 50 (80.7) | 12 (19.4) | 1.4 (0.6–3.1) | 0.40 | 2.0 (0.9–4.8) | 0.11 |
| Twice a year | 38 (69.1) | 17 (30.9) | 0.8 (0.4–1.6) | 0.47 | 0.7 (0.3–1.6) | 0.45 |
| Once a year or less | 62 (74.7) | 21 (25.3) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Self-reported perception of health status | ||||||
| Good/excellent | 129 (72.9) | 48 (27.1) | 1 | – | ||
| Bad/really bad | 14 (60.9) | 9 (39.1) | 0.6 (0.2–1.4) | 0.23 | ||
| Regular | 50 (69.4) | 22 (30.6) | 0.8 (0.5–1.5) | 0.59 | ||
Notes:
a
Variables with a P<0.2 in the bivariate analysis were included in the multivariate analysis. Adjusted OR and 95% CI are reported only for variables that remained significant or acted as confounders in the final multivariate model. Bold p-value<0.05 is statistically significant.