Table 2.
Comparison of the characteristics and measurements in subgroups of repaglinide‐treated patients that showed an improvement or no improvement in glycated albumin
| Variables | Improved (n = 18) | Not improved (n = 7) | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 71.7 ± 6.79 | 72.9 ± 4.84 | 0.69 |
| Male sex (%) | 61.1 | 85.7 | 0.36 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.8 ± 2.24 | 21.5 ± 1.60 | 0.78 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 8.18 ± 2.20 | 8.50 ± 1.32 | 0.73 |
| Glycated hemoglobin (%) | 7.35 ± 0.45 | 7.41 ± 0.53 | 0.76 |
| GA (%) | 20.8 ± 3.12 | 21.3 ± 3.43 | 0.74 |
| GA/HbA1c | 2.83 ± 0.36 | 2.87 ± 0.40 | 0.81 |
| IRI (μU/mL)† | 5.37 ± 3.83 | 2.29 ± 1.28 | 0.13 |
| HOMA‐IR† , § | 1.51 (1.19–2.03) | 0.73 (0.51–1.11) | 0.07 |
| HOMA‐β† | 24.7 ± 13.7 | 9.14 ± 3.57 | 0.04* |
| SU (equivalent to glimepiride mg) | 0.78 ± 0.39 | 1.36 ± 0.48 | <0.01** |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.85 ± 0.28 | 0.85 ± 0.18 | 0.51 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 66.5 ± 19.5 | 67.7 ± 15.1 | 0.89 |
| ALT (IU/mL) | 19.9 ± 13.8 | 23.7 ± 17.9 | 0.58 |
| γ‐GT (IU/mL) | 22.0 ± 11.7 | 36.6 ± 27.3 | 0.21 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 101.5 ± 46.3 | 103.1 ± 40.2 | 0.94 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 173.2 ± 30.4 | 185.4 ± 25.3 | 0.35 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 59.9 ± 19.1 | 70.0 ± 16.5 | 0.23 |
| LogUACR (mg/gCre) | 1.44 ± 0.60 | 1.55 ± 1.01 | 0.72 |
| Hypertension (%) | 66.7 | 57.1 | 0.67 |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 77.8 | 71.4 | 1.00 |
| Metformin (%) | 66.7 | 57.1 | 0.67 |
| DPP‐4 inhibitors (%) | 77.8 | 100 | 0.29 |
| Insulin (%) | 0 | 43 | 0.02* |
| Diabetic retinopathy (%) | 22.2 | 57.1 | 0.16 |
| Diabetic nephropathy (%) | 38.9 | 28.6 | 1.00 |
| Duration of diabetes >10 years (%) | 83.3 | 71.4 | 0.59 |
| History of taking SU >10 years (%) | 72.2 | 71.4 | 1.00 |
†Data were obtained in 20 patients. ‡Values are mean ± standard deviation. §Values were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, because normality was rejected for these variables. P‐value for the difference between glycated albumin (GA) improved and not improved population in the repaglinide group, with *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 representing statistical significance. α‐GI, alpha glucosidase inhibitor; γ‐GT, γ‐glutamyltransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; DPP‐4, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; GA, glycated albumin; GA/HbA1c, glycated albumin to glycated hemoglobin ratio; GLP‐1RA, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; HOMA‐β, homeostatic model assessment of β‐cell function; IRI, immunoreactive insulin; SGLT2, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2; SU, sulfonylurea; TG, triacylglycerol; UACR, urinary albumin creatinine ratio.