Figure 4.

Salmonella-based combination therapy induces Tr1 cells in NOD mice. Female 7–8 weeks old NOD mice were treated orally with 2 doses of combined vaccine and with 2.5 μg/mouse of anti-CD3 mAb as described. Splenocytes were prepared from the indicated treated groups at day 30 post-vaccination. (A) Representative FACS plots gated on live CD4 T cells indicate the frequency of CD4⁺CD49b⁺LAG3⁺ T cells in the spleens of mice from each treatment group. (B) Quantification the percentages of CD4⁺CD49b⁺LAG3⁺ T cells in each treated group (10 mice each). Data presented as means ± SD from 2 independent experiments. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA shows the significance between combined therapy and control group (**p < 0.01).