Table 1.
Characteristics of 17 prospective studies included in the meta-analysis
| Source | Year* | Location, cohort, enrollment years† | Sex | Age, y‡ | Biomarker(s) | Relevant NHL subtypes | Cases | Control subjects | HIV sero-status | Pre-NHL time interval§ | Covariates‖ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Purdue et al. (23) | 2009 | United States, PLCO, 1993–2001 | M/F | 55–74 | sCD30 | B-NHL, CLL/SLL, DLBCL, FL | 234 | 234 | HIV- | 1–10 | Matched: age (baseline), sex, race, blood draw date (baseline), center |
| Gu et al. (24) | 2010 | United States, NYUWHS, 1985–1991 | F | 35–65 | IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α | B-NHL | 92 | 184 | HIV- | 0–≥15 | Matched: age, race, blood draw date; BMI, alcohol intake, smoking |
| Saberi Hosnijeh et al. (11) | 2010 | Italy, EPIC Italy, 1993–1998 | M/F | 35–65 | IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α | B-NHL | 86 | 86 | HIV- | 0–10 | Matched: age (diagnosis), age (baseline), recruitment (baseline) date, sex, center; BMI, alcohol intake |
| Breen et al. (17) | 2011 | United States, MACS, 1984–1985/1987–1991 | M | 24–60 | IL-6, sCD23, sCD27, sCD30 | B-NHL, DLBCL | 179 | 179 | HIV+ | 0–5 | Matched: duration of HIV infection/duration since study entry date, expected sample availability; age, CD4+ T-cells/mm3 |
| Purdue et al. (25) | 2011 | United States, PLCO, 1993–2001 | M/F | 55–74 | IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α, sCD27 | B-NHL, CLL/SLL, DLBCL, FL | 297 | 297 | HIV- | 1–10 | Matched: age (baseline), sex, race, blood draw date (baseline), center |
| Rabkin et al. (18) | 2011 | United States, NCI, 1985–2004 | M/F | 29–44 | IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α | B-NHL | 63 | 181 | HIV+ | 0.1–2 | Matched: age (diagnosis), race, sex, blood draw date (period), CD4+ T-cells/mm3 (diagnosis), cohort, sample type |
| Vermeulen et al. (26) | 2011 | Italy, EPIC Italy, 1993–1998 | M/F | 35–70 | sCD30 | B-NHL | 35 | 36 | HIV- | 2–≥6 | age (baseline), sex; BMI |
| De Roos et al. (19) | 2012 | United States, WHI OS, 1994–1998 | F | 50–79 | CXCL13, sCD23, sCD27, sCD30 | B-NHL, CLL/SLL/PLL, DLBCL, FL | 491 | 491 | HIV- | 0–13 | Matched: age (birth year), blood draw date (baseline), region |
| Conroy et al. (10) | 2013 | United States, MEC Biospecimen Subcohort, 2001–2006 | M/F | 45–75 | IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α | B-NHL, DLBCL, FL | 272 | 541 | HIV- | 0–11.5 | Matched: age, sex, race, region (state), blood draw date and time, fasting hours (pre-blood draw) |
| Hussain et al. (20) | 2013 | United States, WIHS, 1994–1995/2001–2002 | F | <30– ≥50 | CXCL13, IL-6, sCD23, sCD27, sCD30 | B-NHL | 22 | 78 | HIV+ | 0.1–4.7 | Matched: age, race, CD4+ T-cells/mm3, duration since seroconversion; HIV viral load, HAART, smoking, HCV, education |
| Purdue et al. (9) | 2013 | United States, PLCO, 1993–2001 | M/F | 55–74 | CXCL13, IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α | B-NHL, CLL/SLL, DLBCL, FL | 301 | 301 | HIV- | 5–13 | Matched: age (baseline), sex, race, center, blood draw date and time |
| Edlefsen et al. (22) | 2014 | United States, WHI OS, 1994–1998 | F | 50–79 | IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α | B-NHL, CLL/SLL/PLL, DLBCL, FL | 491 | 491 | HIV- | <3–13 | Matched: age, blood draw date, region |
| Vendrame et al. (21) | 2014 | United States, MACS, 1984–1985/1987–1991 | M | 24–70 | IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α | B-NHL | 176 | 176 | HIV+ | 0–5 | Matched: duration of HIV infection/duration since study entry date, expected sample availability; age, CD4+ T-cells/mm3 |
| Bassig et al. (8) | 2015 | Shanghai, SWHS, 1996–2000; Shanghai, SCS, 1986–1989; Singapore, SCHS, 1993–1998 | M/F | 40–74 | sCD27, sCD30 | B-NHL | 218 | 218 | HIV- | 0–≥10 | SCS: age (baseline), sex, blood draw date, region (neighborhood); SCHS: age (baseline), sex, baseline date, biospecimen collection date, dialect; SWHS: age (baseline), blood draw date; age, smoking |
| Purdue et al. (27) | 2015 | Finland, ATBC, 1985–1988 | M | 50–69 | sCD23, sCD27, sCD30 | B-NHL, CLL/SLL, DLBCL | 272 | 325 | HIV- | 2–23 | Matched: age (baseline), blood draw date, number of prior specimen thaws; smoking |
| Hosnijeh et al. (13) | 2016 | Italy, EPIC Italy, 1993–1998; Sweden, NSHDS/VIP, 1985–2008 | M/F | 35–70 | sCD27, sCD30 | B-NHL, CLL/SLL, DLBCL, FL | 218 | 218 | HIV- | 1–17 | Matched: age (baseline), sex, blood draw date, cohort, center |
| Epstein et al. (16) | 2018 | United States, NHS 1989–1990; HPFS, 1993–1994 | M/F | 30–75 | CXCL13, IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α, sCD30 | B-NHL, CLL/SLL, DLBCL, FL | 600 | 601 | HIV- | 0–≥10 | Matched: age (blood draw), race, blood draw time of day, cohort |
Year original article was published. ATBC = Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention; B-NHL = B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma; BMI = body mass index (in kg/m2); CLL/SLL/PLL = chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma/prolymphocytic leukemia; DLBCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; EPIC Italy = Italian European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Cohort; FL = follicular lymphoma; HAART = highly active antiretroviral therapy; HPFS = Health Professionals Follow-up Study; MACS = Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study; MEC = Multiethnic Cohort; NCI = US National Cancer Institute; NHL = non-Hodgkin lymphoma; NHS = Nurses’ Health Study; NSAID = Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; NSHDS = Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study; NYUWHS = New York University Women's Health Study; PLCO = Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial; SCHS = Singapore Chinese Health Study; NYUWHS = New York University Women's Health Study; PLCO = Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial; SCS = Shanghai Cohort Study; SWHS = Shanghai Women’s Health Study; VIP = Västerbotten Intervention Program; WHI OS = Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study component; WIHS = Women’s Interagency HIV Study.
Country or city, nesting cohort study name, and enrollment period of nesting cohort study. Years reported for Rabkin (18) were years of NHL diagnosis in combined NCI cohort data.
Age at enrollment into the nesting cohort study. Where enrollment age not reported, age range from article descriptive statistics provided.
Pre-NHL time interval refers to the range of time intervals, in years, prior to NHL diagnosis wherein venipuncture and blood sample collection was conducted. Lower bound of 0 means within the year of, but prior to, NHL diagnosis.
Matching factors listed defining matching sets used in conditional regression; additional covariates included in models listed after semicolon. Otherwise, covariates for unconditional logistic regression listed for some studies (16, 26). Covariates listed are for the analyses of the composite NHL outcome. Analyses for subtype outcomes may have used different models (eg, polytomous logistic regression) and adjusted for additional sets of covariates.
Subjects for Rabkin (18) comprised a combination of three HIV-infected cohorts followed at the US National Cancer Institute (NCI).