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The mechanism of how BRCA1-deficient ASCs promote breast cancer progression. BRCA1-deficienct ASCs are unable to repair both spontaneous and stress-induced DNA damage. This accumulation of DNA damage leads to more persistently active ATM complex, which activates p21, and induces cellular senescence. In the senescence state, BRCA1- deficient ASCs secrete increased number of inflammatory cytokines, which promotes breast tumor proliferation and invasion.
