TABLE IV.
Functional and Health Status and Change According to Fulfillment of SA Expectations (After 1 Year)*
| Functional and Health Status | Preoperative Functional/Health Parameters According to Postoperative Achievement of Expectations | Postoperative Functional/Health Parameters According to Postoperative Achievement of Expectations | Change Between Preoperative and Postoperative Parameters† | ||||||||
| SA-Expecting Group | Unfulfilled‡ | Fulfilled/Exceeded‡ | P Value§ | Unfulfilled‡ | Fulfilled/Exceeded‡ | P Value§ | Unfulfilled‡ | Fulfilled/Exceeded‡ | P Value§ | ▵ | Relative to MCID# |
| Comorbidities (no. of patients) | |||||||||||
| Musculoskeletal (n = 239/424) | 109 (45.6%) | 130 (54.4%) | 0.001 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| Non-musculoskeletal (n = 351/518) | 161 (45.9%) | 190 (54.1%) | 0.004 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| HOOS** | |||||||||||
| Activities of daily living (scale 0-100) | 36.5 ± 20.0 | 39.9 ± 17.7 | 0.031 | 75.8 ± 21.8 | 91.9 ± 11.0 | <0.001 | 39.3 ± 23.6 | 52.0 ± 19.2 | <0.001 | 12.7 | ++ |
| Pain (scale 0-100) | 34.5 ± 19.0 | 37.4 ± 16.5 | 0.048 | 79.9 ± 22.0 | 92.6 ± 11.7 | <0.001 | 45.4 ± 23.6 | 55.2 ± 19.2 | <0.001 | 9.8 | +/− |
| Quality of life (scale 0-100) | 31.9 ± 11.0 | 33.0 ± 9.7 | 0.195 | 52.1 ± 18.3 | 63.5 ± 13.0 | <0.001 | 20.2 ± 18.3 | 30.5 ± 14.8 | <0.001 | 10.3 | ++ |
| Sport (scale 0-100) | 15.2 ± 17.6 | 19.3 ± 18.2 | 0.008 | 54.7 ± 29.0 | 76.7 ± 20.7 | <0.001 | 39.5 ± 28.0 | 57.4 ± 25.1 | <0.001 | 17.9 | ++ |
| Symptoms (scale 0-100) | 37.0 ± 17.6 | 40.3 ± 18.2 | 0.031 | 70.9 ± 22.2 | 86.9 ± 13.5 | <0.001 | 33.8 ± 23.0 | 46.6 ± 21.4 | <0.001 | 12.7 | ++ |
| Health status** | |||||||||||
| SF-12 PCS (scale 0-100) | 30.7 ± 9.5 | 33.2 ± 9.6 | 0.003 | 42.0 ± 11.1 | 49.7 ± 8.7 | <0.001 | 11.4 ± 10.1 | 16.3 ± 10.9 | <0.001 | 4.9 | + |
| SF-12 MCS (scale 0-100) | 53.7 ± 10.2 | 56.4 ± 8.6 | 0.001 | 54.1 ± 9.4 | 57.2 ± 5.9 | <0.001 | 0.2 ± 10.6 | 0.9 ± 8.7 | 0.420 | 0.7 | |
| EQ-5D (scale 0-1) | 0.56 ± 0.27 | 0.62 ± 0.24 | 0.005 | 0.78 ± 0.21 | 0.91 ± 0.13 | <0.001 | 0.23 ± 0.28 | 0.30 ± 0.24 | 0.002 | 0.07 | +/− |
| EQ-5D-06 (VAS scale 0-100) | 63.7 ± 18.6 | 68.5 ± 17.7 | 0.002 | 74.4 ± 14.0 | 83.0 ± 11.2 | <0.001 | 10.8 ± 19.3 | 14.3 ± 17.3 | 0.026 | 3.5 | |
| No-SA-Expecting Group | Fulfilled‡ | Exceeded‡ | P Value§ | Fulfilled‡ | Exceeded‡ | P Value§ | Fulfilled‡ | Exceeded‡ | P Value§ | ▵ | Relative to MCID# |
| Comorbidities (no. of patients) | |||||||||||
| Musculoskeletal (n = 134/223) | 116 (86.6%) | 18 (13.4%) | 0.019 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| Non-musculoskeletal (n = 211/281) | 173 (82.0%) | 38 (18.0%) | 0.403 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| HOOS** | |||||||||||
| Activities of daily living (scale 0-100) | 42.3 ± 20.6 | 48.9 ± 23.3 | 0.028 | 79.2 ± 20.1 | 89.7 ± 15.1 | <0.001 | 36.9 ± 23.1 | 40.8 ± 22.4 | 0.232 | 3.9 | - |
| Pain (scale 0-100) | 40.6 ± 20.1 | 48.0 ± 21.1 | 0.011 | 86.1 ± 18.6 | 91.9 ± 14.4 | 0.023 | 45.5 ± 24.3 | 43.9 ± 21.3 | 0.637 | −1.6 | — |
| Quality of life (scale 0-100) | 34.8 ± 11.2 | 38.6 ± 10.3 | 0.014 | 58.3 ± 17.9 | 64.1 ± 15.6 | 0.018 | 23.5 ± 19.2 | 25.5 ± 16.3 | 0.442 | 2.0 | ++ |
| Sport (scale 0-100) | 18.8 ± 19.6 | 22.6 ± 20.0 | 0.177 | 56.3 ± 29.1 | 74.4 ± 22.9 | <0.001 | 37.6 ± 30.6 | 51.8 ± 24.5 | 0.001 | 14.2 | ++ |
| Symptoms (scale 0-100) | 41.4 ± 19.2 | 45.5 ± 20.9 | 0.148 | 75.8 ± 20.8 | 86.4 ± 18.1 | <0.001 | 34.4 ± 24.6 | 40.9 ± 23.3 | 0.062 | 6.5 | +/− |
| Health status** | |||||||||||
| SF-12 PCS (scale 0-100) | 31.7 ± 9.5 | 35.9 ± 11.6 | 0.006 | 42.9 ± 12.0 | 49.6 ± 9.3 | <0.001 | 11.6 ± 11.2 | 14.1 ± 11.6 | 0.146 | 2.5 | — |
| SF-12 MCS (scale 0-100) | 54.4 ± 9.5 | 57.2 ± 7.9 | 0.045 | 54.7 ± 8.7 | 56.6 ± 6.4 | 0.144 | 0.23 ± 10.2 | −0.63 ± 7.6 | 0.561 | −0.86 | |
| EQ-5D (scale 0-1) | 0.62 ± 0.25 | 0.67 ± 0.21 | 0.211 | 0.81 ± 0.20 | 0.90 ± 0.15 | 0.001 | 0.19 ± 0.25 | 0.23 ± 0.21 | 0.188 | 0.04 | — |
| EQ-5D06 (VAS scale 0-100) | 66.9 ± 18.5 | 69.7 ± 19.9 | 0.300 | 75.1 ± 16.8 | 83.9 ± 12.2 | <0.001 | 7.8 ± 17.0 | 13.9 ± 17.2 | 0.017 | 6.1 |
SA = sexual activity, MCID = minimum clinically important difference, NA = postoperative data not available, HOOS = Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, SF-12 = Short Form-12, PCS = Physical Component Summary, MCS = Mental Component Summary, EQ-5D and EQ-5D = EuroQoL 5-Dimensions scales (Dutch versions), and VAS = visual analog scale.
Change: the difference between preoperative and postoperative scores; higher scores = better outcome.
For SA-Expecting Group, unfulfilled = lower results (≤1 step) than expected preoperatively, fulfilled = achieved SA as expected preoperatively, exceeded = better results (≥1 step) than expected preoperatively. For No-SA-Expecting Group, fulfilled = SA not regained postoperatively, and exceeded = SA unexpectedly regained postoperatively.
P values for ordinal categorical variables calculated with Armitage trend test; p values for continuous variables calculated with independent samples t test.
indicates >10 above MCID norm; +/− indicates slightly under MCID norm, - indicates under MCID norm, and — indicates well below MCID norm.
The values are given as the mean and the standard deviation.