Figure 2.

Gramicidin channel function remains intact in asymmetric liposomes. Changes in ANTS fluorescence over time for the isotopically (A) and compositionally (B) asymmetric samples (in red) and their corresponding symmetric acceptor vesicles (in blue). Replicate traces are shown in gray; their averages are shown in color. The fluorescence signal was normalized to the fluorescence measured before the addition of TI⁺. The average rates calculated from the traces are indicated next to each trace. The cartoon schematic in (B) represents a compositionally asymmetric gA-aLUV. All measurements were performed at an ambient temperature of ∼22°C. To see this figure in color, go online.