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. 2019 Feb 27;10:154. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00154

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Copyright © 2019 Loi, Boal, Tronchere, Cinato, Kramar, Oleshchuk, Korda and Kunduzova.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Metformin treatment protects against cardiac apoptosis in I/R-challenged hearts. (A). TUNEL staining of cardiac tissue from vehicle- or metformin-treated mice subjected to 30 min of cardiac ischemia and 14 days of reperfusion. Metformin treatment (5 mg/kg/day, i.p.) started at 15 min of post-reperfusion and continued for 14 days. Scale bar is 100 μM. (B). Quantification of apoptotic cells from (A). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was carried out by one-way ANOVA: ^∗∗∗P < 0.001 between indicated conditions.