Table 3.
Hazard ratios of incident opportunistic infections in PLWHA who received HAART and those who did not receive HAART.
| HAART initiation | New onset of OIs | Follow-up years | IDa | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI)b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tuberculosis | No HAART | 240 | 65775.64 | 3.65 | 1 | 1 |
| HAART | 436 | 81336.29 | 5.36 | 3.37 (2.71–4.18)*** | 1.88 (1.44–2.44)*** | |
| Disseminated MAC | No HAART | 8 | 66121.28 | 0.12 | 1 | 1 |
| HAART | 189 | 83426.30 | 2.27 | 42.2 (20.5–86.7)*** | 11.7 (5.39–25.5)*** | |
| CMV infection | No HAART | 127 | 66046.15 | 1.92 | 1 | 1 |
| HAART | 766 | 80704.71 | 9.49 | 23.0 (18.5–28.7)*** | 7.42 (5.65–9.74)*** | |
| Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia | No HAART | 875 | 65951.09 | 13.3 | 1 | 1 |
| HAART | 2103 | 71746.29 | 29.3 | 12.2 (10.8–13.7)*** | 3.41 (2.94–3.94)*** | |
| Cryptococcal meningitis | No HAART | 48 | 66117.11 | 0.73 | 1 | 1 |
| HAART | 216 | 82974.87 | 2.6 | 19.5 (13.5–28.2)*** | 5.13 (3.26–8.09)*** | |
| Candidiasis | No HAART | 994 | 64894.10 | 15.3 | 1 | 1 |
| HAART | 1664 | 69320.98 | 24 | 6.09 (5.40–6.86)*** | 2.14 (1.86–2.46)*** | |
| Penicillium marneffei infection | No HAART | 52 | 66009.16 | 0.79 | 1 | 1 |
| HAART | 171 | 82723.03 | 2.07 | 7.17 (4.84–10.6)*** | 2.97 (1.79–4.93)*** | |
| Toxoplasma encephalitis | No HAART | 20 | 66121.89 | 0.3 | 1 | 1 |
| HAART | 81 | 83633.55 | 0.97 | 10.7 (5.71–20.2)*** | 2.84 (1.31–6.13)** |
**<0.01; ***<0.001. aEvents per 1,000 person-years. bAdjusted for demographic data, comorbidities, and AIDS status. HAART = highly active anti-retroviral therapy; PLWHA = people living with HIV/AIDS; OIs = opportunistic infections; AHR = adjusted hazard ratio; CI = confident interval; MAC = Mycobacterium avium complex infection; CMV = cytomegalovirus.