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. 2019 Mar 5;9:3450. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40107-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Study design and workflow. Flowchart illustrating the study protocol. The weight loss and regain period of the diet group are depicted in the upper section; the omics analysis protocol is depicted in the lower section. *The study began with 60 participants; 10 failed to complete the study regimen, one control did not arrive for baseline testing (PRE), and three dieters and six controls were excluded either because the duration of their weight regain period was shorter than the other participants, or because they failed to completely follow the instructions. Additional participants that lacked complete dietary records (n = 8) were excluded from the omics study due to the high cost of large-scale dataset quantification. Furthermore, sample size varied slightly between different downstream analyses due to incompleteness of omics or phenotype data.