Table 1.
Characteristics of body composition, exercise level and dietary intake alterations in the Physique study groups and general population comparison FINRISK Study participants.
| Diet group (PRE) | Diet group (MID) | Diet group (POST) | Control group (PRE) | Control group (MID) | Control group (POST) | FINRISK | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight (kg) | 64.72 (6.92) | 56.62 (5.51)* | 63.17 (6.92)* | 63.71 (5.07) | 64.02 (5.76) | 63.64 (5.55) | 62.10 (7.84) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.54 (1.82) | 20.60 (1.42)* | 22.99 (2.03)* | 23.08 (1.36) | 23.20 (1.78) | 23.05 (1.57) | 22.90 (2.60) |
| Fat mass (kg) | 14.88 (4.47) | 7.17 (2.69)* | 12.99 (4.21)* | 14.19 (3.05) | 14.87 (3.48) | 14.39 (3.17) | 17.80 (5.69)* |
| Lean mass (kg) | 47.69 (4.2) | 48.12 (4.03) | 48.5 (4.43)* | 47.52 (3.83) | 47.44 (3.80) | 47.53 (4.05) | 44.30 (2.89)* |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 75.66 (4.31) | 69.58 (3.02)* | 74.23 (3.92)* | 74.18 (3.54) | 74.0 (4.50) | 72.90 (4.53)* | 76.50 (7.23) |
| Waist:Hip -ratio | 0.79 (0.03) | 0.80 (0.04) | 0.80 (0.03) | 0.78 (0.03) | 0.78 (0.03) | 0.76 (0.03)* | 0.81 (0.06) |
| Visceral fat mass (g) | 937.92 (324.30) | 249.56 (144.60)* | 840.80 (306.80) | 919.41 (327.70) | 984.65 (379.41) | 902.29 (350.30) | |
| Leg fat tissue thickness (cm) | 0.98 (0.31) | 0.64 (0.21)* | 0.79 (0.28)* | 0.97 (0.30) | 1.02 (0.31) | 1.08 (0.37)* | |
| Arm fat tissue thickness (cm) | 0.94 (0.33) | 0.69 (0.47)* | 0.89 (0.36) | 0.82 (0.23) | 0.95 (0.24)* | 0.94 (0.23)* | |
| Total exercise level (METh/wk) | 59.30 (13.80) | 68.40 (19.60)* | 53.20 (16.20) | 49.40 (27.80) | 41.80 (18.70) | 48.80 (27.00) | 31.30 (19.70)* |
| Resistance training (METh/wk) | 45.31 (8.76) | 46.10 (9.90) | 42.25 (8.23) | 33.61 (19.44) | 28.59 (14.22) | 32.11 (17.77) | |
| Aerobic exercise (METh/wk) | 13.95 (10.43) | 22.3 (17.79)* | 10.99 (12.19) | 15.76 (23.81) | 13.16 (14.54) | 16.65 (25.61) | |
| Energy intake (kCal/kg) | 36.51 (6.54) | 29.62 (5.49)* | 37.80 (9.87) | 39.60 (8.04) | 36.76 (5.77) | 39.74 (5.46) | 32.90 (10.20)* |
| Protein intake (g/kg) | 3.14 (0.63) | 3.06 (0.66) | 3.34 (0.81) | 2.77 (0.47) | 2.80 (0.50) | 2.86 (0.53) | 1.43 (0.50)* |
| Carbohydrate intake (g/kg) | 3.35 (1.02) | 2.06 (0.64)* | 3.24 (1.34) | 3.58 (0.57) | 3.42 (0.60) | 3.59 (0.79) | 3.99 (1.42)* |
| Fat intake (g/kg) | 0.98 (0.25) | 0.84 (0.22)* | 1.02 (0.23) | 1.28 (0.39) | 1.17 (0.44)* | 1.38 (0.46) | 1.10 (0.35) |
METh/wk = metabolic equilevant hours per week. kCal = kiloCalories. Values are presented as mean (standard deviation, SD). Means and SD’s are calculated for the physique athletes, n = 42. *Statistical significant diffence i) from baseline (p < 0.05) within Physique group comparisons and ii) between pooled Physique study participant baseline and FINRISK Study participants. Significance was calculated with Generalized Estimation Equations where age was accounted for in the model. Descriptives for general population comparison, the FINRISK Study cohort, was derived from the age- and BMI-(propensity score) matched individuals, n = 58.