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. 2019 Mar 5;9:3594. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40136-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Knockdown of Vegfr2 receptors kdr and kdrl leads to disruptions in islet vessel development. (a) Phenotypic score of islet vessels in non-injected, control morpholino, and kdr, kdrl, or kdr/kdrl morpholino injected Tg(fli1:EGFP; insa:tagRFP) embryos. (b) The number of beta-cells in 72 hpf Tg(fli1:EGFP; insa:tagRFP) control and morpholino injected embryos. In the kdr/kdrl morpholino injected embryos, only the embryos that demonstrated a reduction or absence of islet vessels were counted. Box-and-whisker plots show median, and circles represent individual zebrafish. n = 17–24. (c–e) Relative expression of (c) insa, (d) pdx1, and (e) neuroD in isolated beta-cells of control injected and kdr/kdrl morpholino injected Tg(fli1:EGFP; insa:tagRFP) embryos at 72 hpf. All values were normalized to ef1α. *p < 0.0001 by Student’s t-test. (f–j) Confocal projections of (f) non-injected, (g) control injected, (h) kdr, (i) kdrl, or (j) kdr/kdrl morpholino injected embryos at 72 hpf; endothelial cells (green), beta-cells (red), and DAPI (grey). Scale bar = 10 μm.