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. 2019 Mar 5;10:950. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08919-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Exploitation of pinning forces for various droplet actuation. a Effect of the size-commensuration, rotational symmetry, and mirror symmetry of the adhesion pattern under the droplet maximum spreading on the impacting behaviors. b The droplet upward bounces with gyration after impacting on a low-adhesive surface with high-adhesive arcs that has rotational symmetry but no mirror symmetry. c A droplet deflects and rolls after impacting on a low-adhesive surface with a high-adhesive arc that is mirror symmetric but not rotationally symmetric. d The droplet bounces vertically upward after impacting on a low-adhesive surface with high-adhesive circular segments that are rotationally and mirror symmetric. e A droplet gyrates, rolls, and deflects after impacting on a low-adhesive surface with a high-adhesive Archimedean spiral segment that is asymmetric. The schemes of the patterns are given in the first column of b–e, in which the dashed circles represent the maximum spreading boundaries of the droplets. The scale bars are 1 mm