Table 4.
Multivariate analysis of risk factors for the development and recurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo during the follow-up period in the whole cohort.
| Overall development of BPPV (N = 355,594) | Overall recurrence of BPPV (N = 7,765) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | |||||
| Osteoporosis | ||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 1.75 | (1.67–1.83) | 1.76 | (1.68–1.84) | 1.12 | (0.998–1.26) | 1.12 | (1.001–1.26) |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Female | 1.60 | (1.44–1.77) | 1.54 | (1.38–1.70) | 1.10 | (0.84–1.44) | 1.07 | (0.82–1.40) |
| Age | ||||||||
| <65 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| ≥65 | 0.81 | (0.77–0.85) | 0.80 | (0.76–0.84) | 0.93 | (0.83–1.04) | 0.92 | (0.82–1.04) |
| Income | ||||||||
| Lowest | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Lower mid | 1.12 | (1.04–1.21) | 1.08 | (1.00–1.16) | 0.77 | (0.63–0.93) | 0.75 | (0.62–0.92) |
| Upper mid | 1.18 | (1.10–1.26) | 1.15 | (1.07–1.23) | 0.96 | (0.82–1.13) | 0.95 | (0.81–1.12) |
| Highest | 1.20 | (1.13–1.27) | 1.20 | (1.13–1.27) | 0.92 | (0.80–1.06) | 0.93 | (0.81–1.07) |
| Urbanized level | ||||||||
| Metro polis | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Urban | 0.80 | (0.76–0.83) | 0.81 | (0.77–0.85) | 0.95 | (0.85–1.06) | 0.95 | (0.85–1.06) |
| Rural area | 0.57 | (0.52–0.63) | 0.61 | (0.55–0.67) | 0.85 | (0.67–1.08) | 0.84 | (0.66–1.07) |
| Hypertension | ||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 1.05 | (1.00–1.10)* | 1.13 | (1.07–1.19) | 0.97 | (0.87–1.08) | 0.99 | (0.88–1.11) |
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 1.02 | (0.95–1.11) | 1.00 | (0.92–1.08) | 0.95 | (0.78–1.16) | 0.97 | (0.79–1.19) |