Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurobiol Dis. 2019 Jan 30;125:123–134. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.01.020

Figure 5.

Figure 5.

Combination (COMB) treatment significantly reduced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers.

(a) Effect of etodolac (ETO, 10 μM), α-tocopherol (Tph, 10 μM), and COMB treatments on COX2, PGE2, and NO levels in CCF-STTG1 astrocyte cells treated or not with IL-1β (10 ng/ml) for 24 h. Baseline represents cells without treatment, while control (CTRL) indicates cells treated with 0.1% DMSO as vehicle. Cells were treated with ETO and Tph, and COMB for 24 h. Data represented as mean ± SD of 3 independent experiments with n=3 dishes/treatment group/experiment. (b) Effect of ETO, Tph and COMB treatments on COX2, carbonyl protein, SOD activity, nitrate/nitrite and nitrite in 5XFAD mice brains homogenate. Mice were treated with ETO, Tph or COMB at 10 mg/kg/day each for one month. Data are presented as mean ± SEM for n=5–6 mice in each group. ns = not significant; & p < 0.05 compared to CTRL; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 compared to CTRL; ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001represent COMB compared to ETO alone; @@ p < 0.01, @@@ p < 0.001represent COMB compared to Tph alone.