Table 2.

Plasma-induced effects on wound healing evaluated on days 6 and 15 using parameters to qualitatively assess healing scores with regard to collagen pattern (distribution, fiber orientation, early and mature collagen, amount of collagen), inflammation (inflammatory infiltrate), granulation (granulation tissue, cell accumulation, cell migration), angiogenesis (blood vessel formation, vascularization), and apoptosis (blebbing, shrinking, condensation); n.d. = not determined, *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001) modified from ¹², ⁵⁴, ⁸¹. Each feature was graded from 1 (worst) to 5 (best) regarding healing.

Features	Time point	ctrl	3 s	20 s	H2O2
Collagen pattern	d6	2.0 ± 0.1	2.5 ± 0.1**	2.5 ± 0.1*	n.d.
	d15	3.0 ± 0.2	3.3 ± 0.2	3.9 ± 0.4**	3.1 ± 0.2
Inflammation	d6	1.0 ± 0.2	4.8 ± 1.3*	4.4 ± 2*	n.d.
	d15	1.0 ± 0.3	1.4 ± 0.6	2.2 ± 1.3	1.5 ± 0.6
Granulation	d6	1.0 ± 0.06	2.5 ± 0.01**	2.5 ± 0.02*	n.d.
	d15	1.1 ± 0.2	1.0 ± 0.09	1.5 ± 0.25*	1.1 ± 0.17
Angiogenesis	d6	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
	d15	2.1 ± 0.9	3.4 ± 1.2*	3.1 ± 0.7*	2.4 ± 0.8
Apoptosis	d6	1.0 ± 0.18	2.9 ± 0.20***	2.7 ± 0.16***	n.d.
	d15	1.0 ± 0.09	1.4 ± 0.08*	1.1 ± 0.09	1.0 ± 0.17
Mean score	d15	1.47 ± 0.25	2.56 ± 0.42	2.65 ± 0.56	1.82 ± 0.39