Fig. 6. Analyses of glial activation and neuroinflammation. (A) Immunohistochemical staining for Iba-1 and GFAP in the hippocampus. (B) Percentage of Iba-1-positive area. (C) Percentage of GFAP-positive area. (D~E) Representative bands of Western blot and corresponding densitometry analysis for expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the dorsal forebrain from three independent experiments. Data expressed as mean±SEM from 4 (B and C) or 5 (D) mice per group. Statistical analysis was performed by Student's t-test. ^*p<0.05, ^**p<0.01.