Fig. 5. Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) overexpressing arginine decarboxylase (ADC) genes (ADC-NPCs) promote neurogenesis via ERK1/2, CREB, and STAT1 phosphorylation during ischemic stress. (A) Immunocytochemistry of pERK1/2, pCREB, and pSTAT1 in the NPCs under both normal and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions. Colocalization analysis graphs (using Pearson's coefficient) for p-ERK1/2 (B), pCREB (C), and pSTAT1 (D). The fluorescence intensity graphs (analyzed using Manders' overlap coefficient) represent p-ERK1/2 (E), pCREB (F), and pSTAT1 (G) proteins. (E) The western blot analysis of nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of the NPCs with an anti-pERK1/2, pCREB, and pSTAT1 proteins supports the immunocytochemical staining results under normal and OGD conditions. The western blot data were quantified in the nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of the NPCs with an anti-pERK1/2 (I), ERK1/2 (J), pCREB (K), CREB (L), pSTAT1 (M), and STAT1 (N) under normal and OGD conditions. The error bars represent the mean±SEM.