Table 1:
The characteristics of selected studies for the meta-analysis of the relation between anxiety and religious orientation in college students 1986–2016
| Author | Year of study | Type of study | Country | Type of Population | Type of Religions | Total cases | Mean ±SD | Male (%) | QS | r |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maltby J et al ( 1 ) | 1999 | cross-sectional | UK | USU | Not reported | 360 | 20.41±2.5 (18–29) | 47.8 | 21 | 0.11 |
| Amrai K et al ( 2 ) | 2011 | cross-sectional | Iran | USU | Muslim | 347 | NR | 38.9 | 23 | NR |
| Buzdar M.A et al( 3 ) | 2014 | cross-sectional | Iran | USU | Muslim | 502 | NR | 0.0 | 18 | 0.011 |
| García J et al( 4 ) | 2013 | cross-sectional | Spain | USU | Non-Muslim | 180 | 20.91±6.7 (18–55) | 23.3 | 24 | NR |
| Steffen P.R et al ( 5 ) | 2013 | cross-sectional | USA | USU | Non-Muslim | 1025 | 20.91±3.7 (18–31) | NR | 17 | −0.33 |
| Lavrič M et al ( 6 ) | 2007 | cross-sectional | UK | USU | Muslim and Non-Muslim | 1786 | 20.91±1.5 (20–21) | NR | 20 | −0.149 |
| Ghorbani N et al( 7 ) | 2008 | cross-sectional | Iran | USU | Muslim | 131 | 20.91±2.0 (NR) | 38.9 | 25 | −0.05 |
| Khan Z.HP et al ( 8 ) | 2008 | cross-sectional | Pakistan | USU | Muslim | 160 | 21.4±1.8 (NR) | 48.8 | 20 | 0.18 |
| Bergin A et al ( 9 ) | 1987 | cross-sectional | USU | No referred | 151 | NR | 100.0 | 22 | −0.27 | |
| Maltby, J., et al ( 10 ) | 1999 | cross-sectional | Spain | USU | No referred | 474 | 20.3±2.5 (18–29) | 53.0 | 19 | −0.17 |
| Kuyel N et al ( 11 ) | 2012 | cross-sectional | Turkish | USU | Muslim | 341 | 21.05±1.6 (18–26) | 100.0 | 14 | −0.02 |
| Davis T.L et al( 12 ) | 2003 | cross-sectional | USA | HSS | Catholic, Protestant, Mormon, Jewish, other Christian, no religion | 45 | 15.2±0.92 (14–17) | 44.4 | 18 | −0.45 |
| Pierce Jr J.D et al( 13 ) | 2007 | cross-sectional | USA | HSS and HSS | Catholic, Protestant | 118 | 18.8±2.7 (13–25) | 100.0 | 22 | 0.24 |
NR: Not Reported; USU: Undergraduate Student at University; HSS: High School Student; n: sample size; QS=Quality of studies