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. 2019 Feb 20;13:110. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00110

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Copyright © 2019 Chang, Kwon, Bang, Kim, Baek, Ryu, Bae, Fan, Lee, Kim, Lee, Yang and Kim.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of twisting acupuncture by RANT on cocaine-enhanced locomotor activity. (A) Schematic for measurement of locomotor activity (upper) and representative tracings in normal or cocaine-treated rats (lower). (B) Enhancement of locomotor activity following intraperitoneal injection of cocaine (n = 7) compared to normal rats (n = 5). ^*p < 0.05 vs. Normal. (C,D) Effect of acupuncture at various rotation durations on cocaine-induced locomotion. Needle twisting at Duration-D3 significantly decreased cocaine-induced locomotion compared to the control group [^*p < 0.05 vs. Normal; ^#p < 0.05 vs. Control (cocaine only without acupuncture); Normal, n = 5; Control, n = 7; Duration-D1, n = 8; Duration-D2, n = 7; Duration-D3, n = 6). (E,F) Effect of various needle rotation angles by RANT on cocaine-induced locomotion. Inhibition of cocaine-induced locomotion was found in 360° or 720° rotation angle groups compared to control (cocaine only). (^*p < 0.05 vs. Normal; ^#p < 0.05 vs. Control; n = 6 per group).