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. 2019 Feb 20;13:110. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00110

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Copyright © 2019 Chang, Kwon, Bang, Kim, Baek, Ryu, Bae, Fan, Lee, Kim, Lee, Yang and Kim.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of preinjection of collagenase or bupivacaine into acupoints on rotational force (torque). (A,B) A simply constructed torque sensor (A) and its electrical circuit (B). (C–F) Rotational force recorded during needle twisting in collagenase or bupivacaine-treated acupoints. A significant drop of rotational force was found in collagenase-treated acupoints (D) compared to normal (C) or bupivacaine-treated (E) rats. ^*p < 0.05 vs. Normal; n = 5 per group. COLG, collagenase; BUPIVA, bupivacaine.