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. 2019 Feb 18;10:76. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00076

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Copyright © 2019 Lu, Chang, Chan and Wu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of TLV and TLV plus ivabradine on hyperpolarization-activated cation current (I_h) expressed in GH₃ cells. In these whole-cell current recordings, cells were bathed in Ca²⁺-free Tyrode's solution. In each experiment, a long-step hyperpolarizing pulse from −40 to −100 mV with a duration of 2 s was delivered to the cell. (A) Superimposed I_h traces elicited by membrane hyperpolarization (indicated in the upper part). a: control; b: 10 μM TLV; c: 10 μM TLV plus 3 μM ivabradine; d: 10 μM TLV plus 10 μM ivabradine. (B) Summary of the data showing effects of TLV and TLV plus ivabradine on I_h amplitude in GH₃ cells (mean ± SEM; n = 9 for each bar). The I_h amplitude was taken from the difference in current amplitude measured at the beginning and end of hyperpolarizing pulse. *Significantly different from control or TLV (10 μM) alone group (P < 0.05), and **significantly different from TLV (10 μM) plus ivabradine (3 μM) group (P < 0.05).