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. 2019 Feb 26;10:302. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00302

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Copyright © 2019 Caulier, Nannan, Gillis, Licciardi, Bragard and Mahillon.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Lanthionine biosynthesis. General pathway of the lanthionine synthesis (A), structure of subtilin (B) and nisin A (C). Non-modified AA are indicated in teal whereas dehydrated serine (Dha, dehydroalanine) and threonine (Dhb, dehydrobutyrine) are colored in orange. The lanthionine (Ala-S-Ala, alanine-S-alanine) and R-methyllanthionine (Abu-S-Ala, aminobutyrate-S-alanine) bridges are shown in purple. The AA of nisin that differ from those in subtilin are highlighted as hatched circles. Adapted from Cotter et al. (2005) and Spieß et al. (2015).