Table 3.
Complex Samples: Bivariate Analysis Last Dental Visit by Study Covariates 2016 BRFSS Data
| Variable Category | Covariates and Factors | Last Dentist Visit | p-value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longer Than 12 Months Ago | Within Last 12 Months | ||||
| Demographic Variables | Sex | Male | 46,602,666 / 52.7% | 76,940,221 / 46.5% | .000 |
| Female | 41,854,895 / 47.3% | 88,495,464 / 53.5% | |||
| Age Ranges | 18–44 Years | 42,687,478 / 48.2% | 75,122,926 / 45.4% | .000 | |
| 45–64 Years | 28,494,110 / 32.2% | 56,817,450 / 34.3% | |||
| 65 Years And Older | 17,291,479 / 19.5% | 33,508,777 / 20.3% | |||
| Marital Status | Married | 37,154,844 / 42.3% | 90,321,846 / 55.0% | .000 | |
| Not Married | 45,303,410 / 51.5% | 67,051,356 / 40.8% | |||
| Partner In An Unmarried Coupled | 5,450,378 / 6.2% | 6,851,984 / 4.2% | |||
| Geographic Locale | Metropolitan | 18,962,965 / 77.1% | 45,517,333 / 83.4% | .000 | |
| Rural | 5,625,139 / 22.9% | 9,036,397 / 16.6% | |||
| Race and Ethnicity | White Non-Hispanic | 49,433,721 / 57.0% | 107,745,288 / 66.3% | .000 | |
| Black Non-Hispanic | 12,121,155 / 14.0% | 17,291,109 / 10.6% | |||
| Other Non-Hispanic | 6,872,299 / 7.9% | 13,582,687 / 8.4% | |||
| Hispanic | 18,224,520 / 21.0% | 23,895,023 / 14.7% | |||
| Veteran Status | Veteran | 8,762,047 / 9.9% | 18,220,075 / 11.0% | .000 | |
| Not A Veteran | 79,426,563 / 90.1% | 146,770,809 / 89.0% | |||
| Socio-economic Variables | Education Attained | Less Than HS | 19,851,625 / 22.6% | 15,425,520 / 9.4% | .000 |
| HS Graduate | 54,196,392 / 61.6% | 95,552,211 / 58.0% | |||
| University Graduate | 13,978,080 / 15.9% | 53,802,139 / 32.7% | |||
| Employment Status | Employed | 46,559,563 / 52.6% | 96,839,752 / 58.5% | .000 | |
| Not Employed | 6,439,077 / 7.3% | 7,109,706 / 4.3% | |||
| Not Working By Choice Or Unable To Work | 35,449,462 / 40.1% | 61,454,059 / 37.2% | |||
| Annual Household Income | Less Than $50,000 | 50,843,550 / 69.7% | 59,608,418 / 43.1% | .000 | |
| $50,000 And More | 22,098,057 / 30.3% | 78,628,095 / 56.9% | |||
| Health Services Variables | Health Insurance Status | Have Health Insurance | 70,404,914 / 80.1% | 152,925,843 / 92.9% | .000 |
| Do Not Have Health Insurance | 17,458,226 / 19.9% | 11,647,884 / 7.1% | |||
| Personal HCP | Have HCP | 59,975,447 / 67.9% | 137,436,415 / 83.2% | .000 | |
| Do Not Have HCP | 28,336,795 / 32.1% | 27,810,053 / 16.8% | |||
| Delayed Care Because Of Cost | Care Delayed | 18,110,419 / 20.6% | 14,939,460 / 9.0% | .000 | |
| Care Not Delayed | 70,017,530 / 79.4% | 150,164,890 / 91.0% | |||
| Last Medical Checkup | Within Last 12 Months | 52,110,157 / 59.0% | 126,703,017 / 76.7% | .000 | |
| Longer Than 12 Months Ago | 36,246,201 / 41.0% | 38,568,615 / 23.3% | |||
| Health Specific Variables | Number Permanent Teeth Removed | No Teeth | 42,866,454 / 49.5% | 96,478,778 / 59.2% | .000 |
| 1 To 5 Teeth | 23,915,004 / 27.6% | 48,736,369 / 29.9% | |||
| 6 Or More, But Not All Teeth | 10,663,744 / 12.3% | 14,325,222 / 8.8% | |||
| All Teeth | 9,108,344 / 10.5% | 3,301,783 / 2.0% | |||
| Self-Defined Health Status | Good To Excellent Health | 64,961,197 / 73.7% | 142,814,027 / 86.5% | .000 | |
| Fair To Poor Health | 23,137,576 / 26.3% | 22,321,669 / 13.5% | |||
| Smoking Status | Non-Smoker | 63,410,623 / 75.8% | 138,254,361 / 87.9% | .000 | |
| Current Smoker | 20,248,194 / 24.2% | 19,040,890 / 12.1% | |||
| Access To Dental Care Variable | Dentists Per 100,000 Population Tertile Ranges | 40.93–57.23 Per 100,000 | 47,857,926 / 54.7% | 77,433,898 / 47.4% | .000 |
| 57.24–73.54 Per 100,000 | 19,880,342 / 22.7% | 42,160,943 / 25.8% | |||
| 73.55–89.85 Per 100,000 | 19,771,381 / 22.6% | 43,828,997 / 26.8% | |||
*Significance is based on the adjusted F and its degrees of freedom