Table 2.

Association of indices of insulin resistance and β-cell function to glucose tolerance status

Variables	Prediabetes vs. NGT		T2DM vs. prediabetes
	Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Adipo-IR
Q1 (≤ 1.52)	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Q2 (1.53–2.37)	2.35 (1.29–4.29)	2.78 (1.44–5.38)	0.68 (0.26–1.76)	0.71 (0.21–2.38)
Q3 (2.38–3.70)	2.47 (1.36–4.49)	2.74 (1.37–5.46)	1.00 (0.41–2.44)	0.84 (0.26–2.78)
Q4 (≥ 3.71)	6.40 (3.43–11.92)	7.03 (3.23–15.32)	1.53 (0.67–3.49)	1.74 (0.51–5.96)
HOMA-IR
Q1 (≤ 0.87)	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Q2 (0.88–1.29)	1.46 (0.82–2.61)	1.31 (0.68–2.50)	0.54 (0.19–1.51)	0.32 (0.09–1.09)
Q3 (1.30–1.91)	2.00 (1.13–3.54)	1.77 (0.87–3.60)	1.30 (0.55–3.07)	0.85 (0.28–2.61)
Q4 (≥ 1.92)	3.76 (2.06–6.84)	3.01 (1.40–6.48)	2.19 (0.98–4.91)	0.74 (0.22–2.46)
HOMA-β
Q1 (≤ 40.12)	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Q2 (40.13–56.04)	0.71 (0.40–1.27)	0.62 (0.33–1.19)	0.43 (0.21–0.90)	0.45 (0.17–1.22)
Q3 (56.05–80.23)	1.07 (0.61–1.87)	0.90 (0.46–1.76)	0.19 (0.08–0.42)	0.11 (0.04–0.34)
Q4 (≥ 80.24)	1.31 (0.74–2.30)	0.87 (0.41–1.86)	0.27 (0.13–0.56)	0.22 (0.08–0.66)
Fasting CPRI
Q1 (≤ 1.16)	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Q2 (1.17–1.48)	0.97 (0.54–1.76)	0.73 (0.39–1.38)	0.84 (0.40–1.74)	1.00 (0.38–2.64)
Q3 (1.49–1.92)	1.81 (1.02–3.19)	1.25 (0.65–2.41)	0.31 (0.14–0.69)	0.24 (0.07–0.75)
Q4 (≥ 1.93)	2.20 (1.24–3.91)	1.27 (0.61–2.66)	0.38 (0.18–0.80)	0.26 (0.08–0.83)
Postprandial CPRI
Q1 (≤ 4.41)	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Q2 (4.42–5.53)	1.35 (0.76–2.41)	1.14 (0.60–2.13)	0.18 (0.08–0.41)	0.16 (0.06–0.46)
Q3 (5.54–7.08)	1.11 (0.62–1.99)	0.78 (0.41–1.48)	0.14 (0.05–0.35)	0.22 (0.08–0.63)
Q4 (≥ 7.09)	0.85 (0.47–1.53)	0.55 (0.28–1.07)	0.07 (0.02–0.24)	0.08 (0.02–0.31)

P and OR: from multivariate logistic regression analysis. The adjusted model included sex, age, BMI, drinking status, LDL-C and HbA1c

Statistically significance values are in italics (p < 0.05)