Figure 1.

Delivering Temporally Precise Olfactory Stimuli in a Wind Tunnel

(A) Diagram of a wind tunnel 2 (WT 2). Red and blue dashed boxes indicate the captured x-y and z-y planes, respectively. The olfactory stimulator was placed outside the wind tunnel to minimize turbulences. The orange box outlines the image in (B).

(B) The layout of WT 2, showing the position where the odorant concentrations were recorded using a PID.

(C) Valve states for creating odorant pulses for the different stimuli. The attractive odorant A and aversive odorant B are represented in green and magenta, respectively. When asynchronous mixtures were presented, the first odorant was always given for 500 ms, and the following odorant with an onset delay. Both odorants had the same offset time. Pulses were repeated every 2 s.

(D) PID recordings of pulsed stimuli for the odorant pair with innate valence 2-butanone (BN, green) and butanal (BA, magenta) (mean and SD over 50 pulses). Valves opened for 500 ms. Each PID signal was normalized to the maximum concentration reached.

(E) Same as (D) for the odorant pair with conditioned valence 2,3-butanedione (BD, blue) and ethyl acetate (EA, orange), averaged over 50 pulses.

(F) Left: Onset time (time taken to reach 5% of maximum concentration after valve trigger) for BN and BA (mean and SD over 50 pulses). Individual points represent the onsets for each pulse. Right: Onset time difference between pairs of successive BN and BA pulses (mean and SD over 50 pulses).

(G) Same as (F) for BD and EA.

(H) Left: Rise time (time taken to reach 95% of maximum concentration from the 5% onset time) for BN and BA (mean and SD over 50 pulses). Individual points represent the rise times for each pulse. Right: Mean rise time difference between pairs of successive BN and BA pulses (mean and SD over 50 pulses).

(I) Same as (H) for BD and EA.

See also Figure S1.