Table 1. Human α-tubulin isotypes.

Gene	Full name	Alternative name	Locus	Transcript variants NCBI Reference Sequence	Number of protein-coding transcribed from this gene https://www.proteinatlas.org/	Tissue-Expression	Lys 40	C-terminal	Associated Human Diseases
TUBA1A	Tubulin alpha 1a	B-ALPHA-1	12q13.12	1- NM_006009.3 2- NM_001270399.1 3- NM_001270400.1	7 (50.1, 50.1, 46.3, 12.2, 24.2, 2.7, 24.8 kDa)	Ubiquitous	acetylated	-GEEY*	Lissencephaly type 3
TUBA1B	Tubulin alpha 1b	K-ALPHA-1	12q13.12	1-NM_006082.2	5 (50.2, 8.3, 5.3, 27.5, 2.7, 8.9 kDa)	Ubiquitous	acetylated	-GEEY*	ND
TUBA1C	Tubulin alpha 1c	TUBA6	12q13.12	1- NM_001303114.1 2- NM_001303115.1 3- NM_001303116.1 4- NM_001303117.1 5- NM_032704.4	4 (49.9, 57.7, 14.4, 36.7 kDa)	Ubiquitous	acetylated	-GEEY*	ND
TUBA3C	Tubulin alpha 3c	TUBA2	13q12.11	1- NM_006001.2	2 (50, 46.1kDa)	Enriched in Testis	acetylated	-GEEY*	Associated with genetic disease Clouston hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and Kabuki syndrome.
TUBA3D	Tubulin alpha 3d	H2-ALPHA	2q21.1	1- NM_080386.3	1 (50kDa)	Enriched in Testis	acetylated	-GEEY*
TUBA3E	Tubulin alpha 3e	---	2q21.1	1-NM_207312.2	1 (49.9kDa)	Enriched in Testis	acetylated	-GEAY	A missense mutation has been potential linked to microlissencephaly and global developmental delay
TUBA4A	Tubulin alpha 4a	TUBA1	2q35	1- NM_006000.2 2- NM_001278552.1	7 (49.9, 48.3, 16.9, 21.7, 13.1, 19.8, 17.7 kDa)	Ubiquitous	acetylated	-GEE**	ND
TUBA4B	Tubulin alpha 4b		2q35	1- NM_001355221.1	1 (27.6) kDa	Ubiquitous low	---	---	ND
TUBA8	Tubulin alpha 8	TUBAL2	22q11.21	1-NM_018943.2 2-NM_001193414.1	5 (50.1, 43, 52, 5.3, 31 kDa)	Ubiquitous	Lacks Lys 40; Unusual sequence at positions 35–45	-GEEF***	Associated with polymicrogyria and optic nerve hypoplasia

^*The C-terminal tyrosine can be removed by a VASH1/2 tubulin carboxypeptidase and added back by TTL.

^**A tyrosine can be added at the C-terminus to create GEEY.

^***The phenylalanine cannot be removed by tubulin carboxypeptidase.

ND: Not described.