Table 1:
Correlations between E/e’ and invasive filling pressure in subjects with preserved EF
| Study | n | Subjects’ Characteristics | Timeframe | Echo | Invasive | r | p | Cutoff Cath | Cutoff Echo | Sens | Spec | Feasibility | Reproducibility* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nagueh 19971 | 60 | 45 ICU, 15 Cath lab | Simultaneous | E/e’ (sep) | PCWP | 0.87 | <0.001 | >15 mmHg | >10 | 97 | 78 | Intra/lnter 5±4/6±5% | |
| Ommen 20002 | 64 | 73% suspicious CAD | Simultaneous | E/e’ (avg) | MDP | 0.45 | 100% | ||||||
| E/e’ (sep) | MDP | 0.47 | >12 mmHg | >15 | 22% | 100% | 100% | ||||||
| Poerner 20033 | 85 | Subjects referred to CAG and E/A>0.9 | Mean 3 hours | E/e’ (sep) | EDP | 0.40 | <0.01 | ||||||
| E/e’ (lat) | EDP | 0.49 | <0.01 | ||||||||||
| E/e’ (avg) | EDP | 0.57 | <0.01 | ||||||||||
| Mansencal 20044 | 20 | CAD | <1 hour | E/e’ (lat) | Pre-A | 0.18 | >15 mmHg | >12 | 0% | 100% | 100% | ||
| Hadano 20055 | 65 | UA 6%, AS 5% | <3 hours | E/e’ (lat) | PCWP | 0.54 | <0.001 | >15 mmHg | >12 | 42% | 92% | ||
| Kidawa 20056 | 50 | Subjects referred to CAG | Simultaneous | E/e’ (lat) | EDP | 0.58 | <0.01 | >15 mmHg | >11 | 28% | 92% | ||
| E/e’ (sep) | EDP | 0.29 | NS | ||||||||||
| Kasner 20077 | 55 | 43 HFpEF and 12 controls | 3–5 hours | E/e’ (lat) | EDP | 0.71 | 0.001 | ||||||
| Min 20078 | 55 | Subjects referred to cath and E/e’ 8–15 | Simultaneous | E/e’ (sep) | EDP | 0.03 | 0.8 | ||||||
| Dokanish 20089 | 32 | Patients with dyspnea | Immediately after cath | E/e’ (avg) | Pre-A | 0.39 | <0.001 | >15 mmHg | >15 | 73% | 77% | ||
| Rudko 200810 | 39 | Elevated filling pressure or DD (77% CAD) | Simultaneous | E/e’ (sep) | EDP | 0.47 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Dokanish 201011 | 122 | Subjects referred to CAG | <20min | E/e’ (avg) | Pre-A | 0.63 | <0.001 | >15m mHg | >13 | 70% | 93% | ||
| Kasner 201012 | 33 | 21 HFpEF and 11 controls | Simultaneous | E/e’ (avg) | EDP | 0.57 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Maeder 201013 | 22 | 14 HFpEF and 8 controls | Simultaneous | E/e’ (sep) | PCWP | 0.19 | 0.39 | ||||||
| E/e’ (lat) | PCWP | 0.04 | 0.87 | ||||||||||
| E/e’ (avg) | PCWP | 0.12 | 0.59 | ||||||||||
| Hsiao 201114 | 100 | Stable CAD | Immediately after cath | E/e’ (sep) | Pre-A | 0.31 | 0.002 | ||||||
| E/e’ (lat) | Pre-A | 0.23 | 0.02 | ||||||||||
| Maeder 201115 | 36 | 15 HFpEF, 11 PAH, 10 healthy controls | Immediately after cath | E/e’ (sep) | PCWP | 0.23 | 0.2 | ||||||
| E/e’ (lat) | PCWP | −0.04 | 0.8 | ||||||||||
| E/e’ (avg) | PCWP | 0.13 | 0.5 | ||||||||||
| Bhella 201116 | 11 | 11 HFpEF | Simultaneous | E/e’ (avg) | PCWP | 0.64 | 0.04 | 59% | 92% | ||||
| Previtali 201217 | 57 | Subjects referred toCAG | <1 hour | E/e’ (lat) | EDP | 0.1 | 0.4 | Intra/lnter <10/20% | |||||
| E/e’ (avg) | EDP | NS | >15 mmHg | >12.1 (optim al) | 44% | 71% | Intra/lnter <10/20% | ||||||
| Manouras 201318 | 38 | Subjects with angina/dyspnea | Simultaneous | E/e’ (sep) | Pre-A | 0.02 | NS | ||||||
| E/e’ (lat) | Pre-A | 0.40 | <0.05 | ||||||||||
| E/e’ (avg) | Pre-A | 0.21 | <0.05 | >12 mmHg | >13 | 8% | 91% | ||||||
| Tatsumi 201419 | 22 | Subjects underwent 3D echo and cath | 0.1 ± 5.8 days | E/e’ (sep) | PCWP | 0.64 | 0.001 | ||||||
| Kasner 201520 | 23 | HFpEF | Simultaneous | E/e’ (avg) | EDP | 0.84 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Matsushita 201521 | 16 | Inpatient HFpEF | Same hospitalization | E/e’ (avg) | PCWP | 0.56 | 0.01 | >15 mmHg | >10 | 71% | 56% | ||
| Ma 201522 | 114 | 84 CAD and 30 controls | < 24 hours | E/e’ (sep) | EDP | 0.60 | <0.01 | ||||||
| Santos 201523 | 118 | Subjects with dyspnea | Immediately after cath | E/e’ (sep) | PCWP | 0.41 | <0.001 | >15 mmHg | ≥15 | 6% | 92% | 79% | |
| E/e’ (lat) | PCWP | 0.30 | <0.001 | >15 mmHg | ≥12 | 13% | 92% | 75% | |||||
| E/e’ (avg) | PCWP | 0.36 | <0.001 | >15 mmHg | ≥13 | 6% | 90% | 75% | |||||
| Cameli 201624 | 20 | 39% UA, 25% angina with positive stress test | 1 hour | E/e’ (avg) | EDP | 0.72 | <0.001 | 100% | |||||
| Rommel 201625 | 36 | 24 HFpEFand 12 controls | N/R | E/e’ (N/R) | EDP | 0.63 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Ma 201626 | 114 | 84 CAD and 30 controls | E/e’ (sep) | EDP | 0.60 | <0.01 | >15 mmHg | >10.9 | 91% | 68% | |||
| E/e’ (lat) | EDP | 0.29 | <0.01 | ||||||||||
| E/e’ (avg) | EDP | 0.41 | <0.01 | ||||||||||
| Hayashi 201627 | 47 | Cardiac diseases (CAD, OMI, HCM, HFpEF, etc) | <3 hours | E/e’ (avg) | MDP | 0.56 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Obokata 201628 | 74 | 50 HFpEF and 24 controls | Simultaneous | E/e’ (sep) | PCWP | 0.63 | <0.001 | 99% | |||||
| E/e’ (lat) | PCWP | 0.58 | <0.001 | 95% | |||||||||
| Lancellotti 201729 | 120 | Suspicious CAD | Simultaneous | E/e’ (avg) | EDP | 0.17 | 0.07 | ≥15 mmHg | ≥14 | 2.4% | 96% | ||
| E/e’ (sep) | EDP | 0.08 | 0.36 | ≥15 mmHg | ≥15 | 4.8% | 96% | ||||||
| Andersen 201730† | 450 | Subjects referred to right or left cath (EF<50% n=209) | Simultaneous or immediately after cath | E/e’ (avg) | PCWP | 0.65 | <0.001 |
Reproducibility represents percent variability, intra-class correlation coefficient, or mean difference. 3D, 3-dimentional; A, late diastolic mitral inflow velocity; AS, aortic stenosis; Avg, average; CAD, coronary artery disease; CAG, coronary angiography; cath, catheterization; DD, diastolic dysfunction; E, early diastolic mitral inflow velocity; e’, early diastolic mitral annular tissue velocity; Echo, echocardiography; EDP, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; EF, ejection fraction; HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; ICU, intensive care unit; lat, lateral; MDP, left ventricular mean diastolic pressure; N/R, not reported; NS, not significant; OMI, old myocardial infarction; PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; Pre-A, left ventricular pressure during pre-atrial contraction; Sens, sensitivity; sep, septal; Spec, specificity; and UA, unstable angina.
This study pooled together both HFpEF and HFrEF patients.