Table 3.
Demographics, clinical characteristics, and DPI use in discordant vs concordant participants
| Concordant | Discordant | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| N (%) | 39 (60) | 26 (40) | |
| Age, years | 66.4 (58–76) | 72.1 (64–80) | 0.56 |
| White race | 38 (97) | 22 (85) | 0.13 |
| Female | 15 (39) | 16 (62) | 0.08 |
| Height, cm | 173 (157–178) | 164 (157–173) | 0.19 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27 (25–34) | 28 (23–31) | 0.79 |
| FEV1/FVC ratio | 0.47 (0.37–0.59) | 0.51 (0.44–0.55) | 0.77 |
| FEV1 absolute, L | 1.33 (1.04–1.67) | 1.32 (0.97–1.74) | 0.33 |
| FEV1 % predicted | 48.5 (39–57) | 56.0 (44–66) | 0.76 |
| FVC absolute, L | 2.85 (2.45–3.59) | 2.59 (2.05–3.33) | 0.36 |
| FVC % predicted | 76.9 (69–94) | 83.0 (74–97) | 0.92 |
| PIFR from standard spirometer, L/min | 170 (121–215) | 167 (121–210) | 0.80 |
| GOLD stage | 0.32 | ||
| 1 | 4 (11) | 1 (4) | |
| 2 | 14 (36) | 15 (58) | |
| 3 | 15 (38) | 8 (31) | |
| 4 | 6 (15) | 2 (8) | |
| CAT score | 16 (12–23) | 18 (11–25) | 0.65 |
| CAT score ≥10 | 37 (95) | 20 (77) | 0.51 |
| Low–medium resistance DPI | 17 (44) | 15 (58) | 0.27 |
| High resistance DPI | 32 (82) | 18 (69) | 0.23 |
Notes: All values are either n (%) or median (IQR). See (Materials and Methods) section for information regarding definition of discordance. P-value via Kruskal–Wallis for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables.
Abbreviations: DPI, dry powder inhaler; CAT, COPD assessment test; BMI, body mass index; GOLD, Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease.