Fig 5. Senescence-inducing effects of TMZ on GBM cell lines in vitro.

U87MG cells were seeded at 1 × 10⁴ cells/well in 12-well flat-bottomed plates. U87MG was exposed to GiNK at a GiNK:GBM cell ratio of 1:1 in the presence/absence of 50 μM TMZ for 96 h. Adherent cells were stained with SA-β-gal, and the stained cells were counted under an inverted microscope. (a) Representative photographs of SA-β-gal-stained U87MG cells under each treatment condition. (b) The graphs show the percentages of SA-β-gal-positive cells of U87MG (n = 4) cells. Data indicated as mean ± SE. P values were determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. Statistically significant differences: **P < 0.01.