Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics of the Analytic Sample
| Characteristics | Cohort | Disability status | Disability type | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No disability | Any disability | Physical | Hearing | Vision | IDD | ||
| Total | 6,453,012 | 6,419,629 (99.48) | 33,383 (0.52) | 27,891 (0.43) | 2,790 (0.04) | 1,270 (0.02) | 1,670 (0.03) |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||
| White | 1,776,336 (27.53) | 1,762,668 (27.46) | 13,668 (40.94) | 11,844 (42.47) | 921 (33.01) | 415 (31.13) | 602 (36.05) |
| Black | 340,194 (5.27) | 337,724 (5.26) | 2,470 (7.40) | 2,009 (7.20) | 183 (6.56) | 126 (9.45) | 191 (11.44) |
| Hispanic | 3,464,500 (53.69) | 3,450,659 (53.75) | 13,841 (41.46) | 11,306 (40.54) | 1,330 (47.67) | 589 (44.19) | 735 (44.01) |
| Asian | 706,393 (10.95) | 703,906 (10.96) | 2,487 (7.45) | 1,947 (6.98) | 295 (10.57) | 169 (12.68) | 100 (5.99) |
| Other | 128,948 (2.00) | 128,221 (2.00) | 727 (2.18) | 628 (2.25) | 45 (1.61) | 26 (1.95) | 31 (1.86) |
| Education, at least high school diploma/GED | 4,504,437 (69.80) | 4,478,373 (69.76) | 26,064 (78.08) | 22,032 (78.99) | 2,078 (74.48) | 1,030 (77.27) | 1,144 (68.50) |
| Insurance | |||||||
| Public | 3,089,174 (47.87) | 3,074,387 (47.89) | 14,787 (44.30) | 11,702 (41.96) | 1,598 (57.28) | 618 (46.36) | 1,065 (63.77) |
| Private | 3,224,192 (49.96) | 3,205,999 (50.66) | 18,193 (54.50) | 15,851 (56.83) | 1,165 (41.76) | 697 (52.29) | 583 (34.91) |
| None | 138,726 (2.15) | 138,324 (2.15) | 402 (1.20) | 337 (1.21) | 27 (0.97) | 18 (1.35) | 22 (1.32) |
| Advanced maternal age (≥35 years) | 1,085,849 (16.83) | 1,078,091 (16.79) | 7,758 (23.24) | 6,524 (23.39) | 619 (22.19) | 365 (27.38) | 310 (18.56) |
| Nulliparous | 2,548,932 (39.50) | 2,534,144 (39.47) | 14,788 (44.30) | 12,226 (43.83) | 1,182 (42.37) | 653 (48.99) | 895 (53.59) |
| Gestational hypertension/preeclampsia | 331,193 (5.13) | 328,602 (5.12) | 2,591 (7.76) | 2,015 (7.22) | 201 (7.20) | 237 (17.78) | 178 (10.66) |
| Gestational diabetes | 399,947 (6.20) | 397,109 (6.19) | 2,838 (8.50) | 2,331 (8.36) | 277 (9.93) | 121 (9.08) | 135 (8.08) |
| Mental health diagnosis | 81,441 (1.26) | 78,976 (1.23) | 2,465 (7.38) | 2,135 (7.65) | 131 (4.70) | 74 (5.55) | 152 (9.10) |
| Preterm birth | 566,072 (8.77) | 561,747 (8.75) | 4,325 (12.96) | 3,534 (12.67) | 319 (11.43) | 247 (18.53) | 282 (16.89) |
Notes: Boldface values are statistically significantly different from the no disability group at p<0.001. Data presented as n (%).
IDD, intellectual and developmental disabilities; GED, General Education Diploma (high school equivalency certificate).