Fig. 1.

Biliary oxazolone challenge causes cholangitis. Timeline (a) demonstrating establishment of a novel cholangitis model with biliary oxazolone challenge 5 days after skin sensitization, and 7 days postoperative follow-up before killing. Survival (b) and weight (c) curves comparing biliary challenge of oxazolone (n = 6) to vehicle (n = 6) at indicated days. Evaluation of change in activity where the score indicates grade of pain as either absent (0), mild (1), moderate (2) or severe (3) and total pain with scoring on activity level/behavior (0–3), appearance (0–3) and clinical signs (0–3) (d) in indicated mice 2 days after surgery. Serum values of ALT (e) AST (f), ALP (g) and bilirubin (h) at days 2 and 7 after surgery in indicated mice. Each symbol represents a single mouse. Representative results from three independent experiments are shown, presented as mean±SEM. Oxa oxazolone, Veh vehicle, ALT alanine transaminase, AST aspartate transaminase, ALP alkaline phosphatase, ns nonsignificant. *P <0.05, **P <0.01, ***P <0.001