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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Feb 7.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Cell. 2019 Feb 7;73(3):398–411. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.01.024

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

R-loops participate in gene regulation. A) At promoters, R-loops activate transcription by preventing binding of transcriptional repressors or DNA methylating enzymes (DNMT), or by acting as binding sites for transcription factors (top left). Alternatively, R-loops repress transcription by blocking transcription factor binding (bottom left). B) At terminators, R-loops facilitate efficient transcription termination by promoting RNAP II pausing and cleavage of the transcript from its template either by recruiting R-loop resolution helicases and RNases (bottom right), or by recruiting the RNAi silencing machinery (top right).