Table 3.
Association between previous hospitalization because of DHF and cardiovascular parameters, full and subgroup analysis
| Mean difference (µm, [95% confidence interval]) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude | P-value | Adjusted #1† | P-value | Adjusted #2‡ | P-value | ||
| Full analysis | |||||||
| cIMT (µm, [SD]) | |||||||
| DHF+ | 429.9 (65.0) | 38.9 (7.4–70.4) | 0.02* | 42.6 (10.0–75.3) | 0.01* | 33.2 (0.5–65.9 | 0.05* |
| Controls | 390.9 (58.8) | ||||||
| Carotid distensibility (MPa−1, [SD]) | |||||||
| DHF+ | 46.2 (13.3) | −3.5 (−10.1 to 3.2) | 0.30 | −3.0 (−10.0 to 4.0) | 0.39 | – | – |
| Controls | 49.7 (12.8) | ||||||
| Carotid elastic modulus (kPa, [SD]) | |||||||
| DHF+ | 373.5 (192.2) | 9.4 (−70.8 to 89.5) | 0.82 | 2.7 (−79.6 to 85.0) | 0.95 | – | – |
| Controls | 364.2 (120.9) | ||||||
| Subgroup analysis on DSS (ncases = 14)§ | |||||||
| cIMT (µm, [SD]) | |||||||
| DSS+ | 447.9 (69.1) | 57.0 (17.4–96.5) | 0.01* | 61.7 (21.5–102.0) | < 0.01** | 53.5 (15.5–91.6) | < 0.01** |
| Controls | 390.9 (58.8) | ||||||
| Carotid distensibility (MPa−1, [SD]) | |||||||
| DSS+ | 48.2 (12.5) | −1.5 (−9.6 to 6.6) | 0.72 | −1.5 (−9.9 to 6.9) | 0.73 | – | – |
| Controls | 49.7 (12.8) | ||||||
| Carotid elastic modulus (kPa, [SD]) | |||||||
| DSS+ | 315.8 (89.6) | −48.4 (−120.6 to 23.8) | 0.18 | −54.4 (−128.0 to 19.1) | 0.14 | – | – |
| Controls | 364.2 (120.9) | ||||||
cIMT = carotid intima-media thickness; DHF = dengue hemorrhagic fever; DSS = dengue shock syndrome; SD = standard deviation.
* P value of less than 0.05 but more than 0.01 (denotes significance).
** P value of less than 0.01.
† Adjusted model corrected for gender, BMI z-score, and combined educational years of parents as a proxy for socioeconomic status.
‡ Adjusted model, similar to model 1, additional correction for systolic blood pressure. This model was not used for carotid distensability and elastic modulus, as systolic blood pressure is a part of the composition of these parameters.
§ Including only cases that have been hospitalized for DSS (DHF grade III or IV, n = 14) according to the adjusted WHO 1997 definition, and all healthy participants.