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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 5.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Metab. 2018 Dec 20;29(3):638–652.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.12.005

Figure 4. Changes in cell cycle molecule expression in response to harmine, LY364947, ALK5 inhibitor, and the combination.

Figure 4.

A. The effects on vehicle (DMSO 0.1%), harmine (10 μM), LY364947 (5 μM), or the combination for 96 hours on gene expression in dispersed human islets for cell cycle activators, as assessed using qPCR. B. Comparable results for cell cycle inhibitors. C,D. The effect of silencing SMADs 2,3,4 or overexpressing SMADs 6 and/or 7 on expression of CDKN1A and CDKN1C in human islets as assessed using qPCR. E. The effects of silencing CDKN1A, CDKN1C and the combination on Ki67 immunolabeling in human beta cells in the presence or absence of harmine 10 uM. F. The effects of overexpression of CDKN1A, CDKN1C and CDKN2B in dispersed human islets for 96 hours on proliferation induced by the harmine- LY364947 combination. All experiments represent five human islet preparations, and error bars represent mean ± SEM. *indicates p.0.05 vs. control, and **indicates p<0.05 vs. harmine. Numbers of donors and beta cells counted are provided in Supplemental Table 3.