Table 2.
Cardiometabolic Risk status by Gender, Ethnicity and Antipsychotic Exposure.
| Variable Name | CHR Total N=113 |
CHR Male N=65 |
CHR Female N=48 |
Cohen’s d | p | CHR Latino N=20 |
CHR Non-Latino N=93 |
Cohen’s d | p | CHR AP Naïve N=95 |
CHR AP Non-Naïve N=16 |
Cohen’s d | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Mass Index (BMI; kg/m2±SD) | 24.3±6.5 | 24.5±5.9 | 24.1±7.4 | 0.06 | 0.75 | 27.3±8.4 | 23.6±5.9 | 0.57 | 0.08 + | 24.5±6.62 | 22.5±5.90 | 0.31 | 0.29 |
| Weight status category (n, %) | |||||||||||||
| Underweight | 9 (8.1%) | 3 (4.8%) | 6 (12.5%) | 0.34 | None | 9 (10.0%) | 0.19 | 6 (6.3%) | 3 (21.4%) | 0.24 | |||
| Normal | 61 (55%) | 34 (54%) | 27 (56.3%) | 9 (45.0%) | 52 (57.1%) | 53 (55.8%) | 7 (50%) | ||||||
| Overweight | 17(15.3) | 12 (19.0%) | 5 (10.4%) | 4 (20.0%) | 13 (14.3%) | 16 (16.8%) | 1 (7.1%) | ||||||
| Obese | 24 (21.6%) | 14 (22.2%) | 10 (20.8%) | 7 (35%) | 17 (18.7%) | 20 (21.1%) | 3 (21.4%) | ||||||
| Obese or Overweight | 41 (36.9%) | 26(41.2%) | 15 (31.2%) | 0.28 | 11 (55%) | 30 (33%) | 0.07 + | 36 (37.9%) | 4 (28.6%) | 0.50 | |||
| Systolic (mm Hg±SD) | 114.5±14 | 118.4±14.1 | 109.3±12.1 | 0.65 | <0.001** | 118.5±13.6 | 113.6±14.0 | 0.35 | 0.15 | 114.6±14.70 | 113.2±9.90 | 0.10 | 0.73 |
| Diastolic (mm Hg±SD) | 71.9±9.4 | 71.5±8.6 | 72.4±10.4 | 0.10 | 0.62 | 73.5±8.0 | 71.6±9.7 | 0.20 | 0.42 | 71.8±8.90 | 72.4±13.30 | 0.06 | 0.83 |
| Hypertension status (n, %) | |||||||||||||
| Pre- Hypertension (mm Hg) | 35 (31.3%) | 24 (37.5%) | 11 (22.9%) | 0.10 | 7 (35.0%) | 28 (30.4%) | 0.69 | 30(31.6%) | 4 (28.6%) | 0.82 | |||
| Hypertension (mm Hg) | 7 (6.3%) | 6 (9.4%) | 1 (14.3%) | 0.12 | 3 (15.0%) | 4 (4.3%) | 0.07 + | 7 (7.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.29 | |||
| Pre or Hypertension | 42 (37.5%) | 30 (46.9%) | 12 (25.0%) | 0.02* | 10 (50.0) | 32 (34.8%) | 0.20 | 37(38.9%) | 4 (28.6%) | 0.45 | |||
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl, meaniSD | 158.7±29.8 | 158.2±29.1 | 157.8±31.1 | 0.01 | 0.96 | 162.9±36.8 | 157.3±28.6 | 0.19 | 0.52 | 158.9±30.1 | 152.8±30.0 | 0.20 | 0.49 |
| Hypercholesterolemia, Total cholesterol ≥ 200mg/dl, (n, %) | 8 (8.4%) | 3 (5.5%) | 5 (12.5%) | 0.22 | 1 (7.1%) | 7 (8.6%) | 0.85 | 7 (9.0%) | 1 (7.1%) | 0.82 | |||
| LDL-C, mg/dl, mean±SD | 89.3±23.2 | 90.8±23.2 | 87.2±23.5 | 0.16 | 0.47 | 91.9±27.2 | 88.8±22.6 | 0.13 | 0.64 | 90.3±23.7 | 84.1±20.9 | 0.27 | 0.37 |
| Elevated LDL-C, ≥130 mg/dl, (n, %) | 6 (6.3%) | 4 (7.3%) | 2 (5.0%) | 0.65 | 1 (7.1%) | 5 (6.2%) | 0.89 | 5 (6.4%) | 1 (7.1%) | 0.91 | |||
| HDL-C, mg/dl, mean±SD | 51.4±12.1 | 48.6±10.5 | 55.2±13.1 | 0.55 | <0.01** | 51.9±9.3 | 51.3±12.5 | 0.05 | 0.87 | 51.1±12.3 | 50.9±11.4 | 0.02 | 0.28 |
| Reduced HDL-C<40 M, <50 F (n, %) | 27 (28.4%) | 13 (23.6%) | 14 (35%) | 0.23 | 2 (14.3%) | 25 (30.9%) | 0.20 | 22 (28.2%) | 5 (35.7%) | 0.57 | |||
| Non-HDL-C, mg/dl, mean±SD | 106.7±27.9 | 109.6±29.0 | 102.7±26.1 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 111.0±34.3 | 106.0±26.9 | 0.18 | 0.54 | 107.7±28.7 | 101.9±25.2 | 0.21 | 0.48 |
| Elevated non-HDL-C≥130 mg/dl, (n, %) | 14 (14.7%) | 9 (16.4%) | 5 (12.5%) | 0.60 | 2 (14.3%) | 12 (14.8%) | 0.96 | 13 (16.7%) | 1 (7.1%) | 0.36 | |||
| Triglycerides, mg/dl, mean±SD | 85.2±42.0 | 91.1±46.0 | 77.2±34.8 | 0.33 | 0.11 | 95.3±57.5 | 83.4±38.9 | 0.28 | 0.33 | 84.7±43.7 | 88.2±37.0 | −0.08 | 0.77 |
| Hypertriglyceridemia, triglycerides ≥ 170mg/dl, (n, %) | 5 (5.3%) | 4 (7.3%) | 1 (2.5%) | 0.30 | 2 (14.3%) | 3 (3.7%) | 0.10 | 5 (6.4%) | None | 0.33 | |||
| Dyslipidemia, (n, %) | 42 (44.7%) | 21 (38.9%) | 21 (52.5%) | 0.19 | 5 (35.7%) | 37 (46.3%) | 0.46 | 36 (46.2%) | 6 (42.9%) | 0.82 | |||
| Glucose, mg/dl, mean±SD | 84.5±18.4 | 83.7±12.6 | 85.6±24.5 | 0.10 | 0.64 | 94.2±40.1 | 83.0±11.5 | 0.61 | 0.04* | 84.2±19.7 | 86.4±11.3 | 0.12 | 0.69 |
| Triglycerides to HDL-C ratio | |||||||||||||
| Mean±SD | 1.8±1.05 | 2.0±1.2 | 1.5±0.8 | 0.48 | 0.01** | 1.9±1.06 | 1.8±1.1 | 0.08 | 0.74 | 1.8±1.07 | 1.9±1.09 | 0.10 | 0.82 |
| Ratio≥3.5, (n, %) | 9 (9.6%) | 8 (14.8%) | 1 (2.5%) | <0.05* | 2 (14.3%) | 7 (8.8%) | 0.52 | 7 (9.1%) | 2 (14.3%) | 0.55 | |||
| Prediabetes, Glucose 100–125 mg/dl, (n, %) | 2 (2.1%) | 2 (3.7%) | None | 0.45 | None | 2 (2.5%) | 0.31 | 1 (1.3%) | 1 (7.1%) | 0.33 | |||
| Diabetes, Glucose >125 mg/dl, (n, %) | 2 (2.1%) | 1 (1.9%) | 1 (2.4%) | 1 (7.1%) | 1 (1.2%) | 2 (2.6%) | 0 (0%) | ||||||
| Metabolic Syndrome | 6 (6.5%) | 4 (7.7%) | 2 (4.9%) | 0.58 | 2 (14.3%) | 4 (5.1%) | 0.20 | 6 (7.7%) | None | 0.28 | |||
| Fasting glucose≥100 mg/dl per ATP III, (n, %) | 4 (4.2%) | 3 (3.3%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0.45 | 1 (1.1%) | 3 (3.3%) | 0.55 | 3 (3.8%) | 1 (7.1%) | 0.58 | |||
| Low HDL-C, <40 mg/dl in M and <50 mg/dl in F, (n, %) | 27 (28.4%) | 13 (23.6%) | 14 (35%) | 0.23 | 2 (14.3%) | 25 (30.9%) | 0.20 | 22 (28.2%) | 5 (35.7%) | 0.57 | |||
| Abdominal obesity, waist circumference >102 cm M and >88 cm F, (n, %) | 19 (17.4%) | 6 (9.8%) | 13 (27.1%) | 0.02* | 6 (31.6%) | 13 (14.4%) | 0.07 + | 17 (18.1%) | 1 (7.1%) | 0.31 | |||
| Elevated BP≥130/80 mrmHg, or antihypertensive treatment, (n, %) | 19 (17.4%) | 16 (25.8%) | 3 (6.4%) | <0.01** | 4 (20.0%) | 15 (16.9%) | 0.74 | 16 (17.0%) | 3 (21.4%) | 0.69 | |||
| Elevated triglycerides, ≥ 150 mg/dl, (n, %) | 7 (7.4%) | 5 (9.3%) | 2 (5.0%) | 0.44 | 2 (14.3%) | 5 (6.3%) | 0.29 | 6 (7.8%) | 1 (7.1%) | 0.93 | |||
| Antihypertensive, (n, %) | 5 (3.9%) | 5 (6.9%) | None | <0.05* | 1 (5.0%) | 4 (4.3%) | 0.87 | 3 (2.9%) | 2 (10.5%) | 0.12 | |||
| Antidiabetic, (n, %) | 1 (0.8%) | None | 1 (1.8%) | 0.25 | None | 1 (5.0%) | 0.03 | 1 (1.0%) | None | 0.67 | |||
| TBARS - MDA Concentration (μM) | 9.8±6.1 | 9.5±5.2 | 10.3±7.3 | 0.13 | 0.54 | 8.78±6.5 | 10.1±6.0 | 0.22 | 0.41 | 9.9±6.3 | 10.1±5.6 | 0.03 | 0.91 |
| Saturated %Total | 41±4.3 | 41±4.3 | 42±4.3 | 0.23 | 0.06 | 39±1.9 | 42±4.5 | 0.70 | <0.001** | 41.1±4.3 | 43.1±4.3 | 0.47 | 0.11 |
| Monounsaturated %Total | 22±2.5 | 22±2.7 | 22±2.3 | 0.00 | 0.97 | 21±2.3 | 22±2.6 | 0.40 | 0.67 | 21.6±2.4 | 21.6±3.2 | 0.00 | 0.99 |
| Polyunsaturated %Total | 58±4.2 | 59±4.3 | 57±4.1 | 0.48 | <0.05* | 61±2.1 | 58±4.4 | 0.71 | <0.001** | 58.7±4.2 | 56.9±4.2 | 0.43 | 0.14 |
| Arachidonic acid, 20:4, (N=6) %Total | 13±2.6 | 13±2.6 | 13±2.6 | 0.00 | 0.39 | 14±1.8 | 13±2.7 | 0.38 | 0.01** | 13.0±2.6 | 11.9±2.9 | 0.42 | 0.15 |
| Linoleic acid, 18:2 (N=6) %Total | 16±2.1 | 17±2.2 | 16±1.8 | 0.48 | 0.17 | 17±2.0 | 16.3±2.1 | 0.33 | 0.41 | 16.4±2.0 | 16.3±3.0 | 0.05 | 0.84 |
| Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 22:6(n=3) %Total | 2.5±1.0 | 2.6±1.0 | 2.5±1.0 | 0.10 | 0.75 | 3.2±0.7 | 2.4±1.0 | 0.80 | <0.001** | 2.7±1.0 | 2.1±0.9 | 0.60 | 0.05* |
| Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 20:5(n=3) %Total | 0.4±0.3 | 0.4±0.3 | 0.4±0.4 | 0.03 | 0.82 | 0.4±0.3 | 0.5±0.2 | 0.20 | 0.36 | 0.5±0.26 | 0.3±0.13 | 0.67 | 0.02* |
| Total Omega 3 %Total | 4.8±1.7 | 5±1.7 | 4.7±1.7 | 0.18 | 0.42 | 5.9±1.3 | 4.6±1.7 | 0.76 | <0.01** | 5.0±1.7 | 4.1±1.5 | 0.53 | 0.05* |
| Omega 3 Index (EPA+DHA) % Total | 3.0±1.1 | 3±1.1 | 3±1.2 | 0.00 | 0.74 | 3.7±0.8 | 2.8±1.1 | 0.82 | <0.001** | 3.1±1.1 | 2.4±0.9 | 0.64 | 0.04* |
| Weekly Frequency of Omega-3FA consumption, mean±SD | 13.9±10.7 | 11.8±10.3 | 16.7±10.8 | 0.46 | 0.02* | 12.5±8.7 | 14.1±11.1 | 0.15 | 0.56 | 14.8±11.0 | 7.3±2.1 | 0.70 | 0.02* |