Figure 5. Pairwise point interactions and sperm TADs are delineated with epigenetic marks.
a, Hi-C interaction heatmaps (20-kb bins, chromosome 2, 48-55 Mb) of pachytene spermatocytes (PS) showing the dynamics of local interactions of active gene loci together with RNA-seq data and ChIP-seq data for H3K27ac, H3K4me3, and H3K27me3. y axis: RPKM. Solid bars: TADs called by the HiCExplorer application hicFindTADs (Methods). Green and grey highlights, arrows, and dashed circles indicate localized pairwise point interactions and related features of interest. b, RNA-seq data (top) and ChIP-seq data for H3K27ac, H3K4me3, and H3K27me3 (bottom) to examine enrichment at the center of pachytene spermatocyte point interaction anchors ± 1 Mb (20-kb bins, all chromosomes). Point interactions were called with the software package cLoops (Methods). c, d, ChIP-seq data for H3K27ac, H3K4me3, and H3K27me3 to examine enrichment at sperm TAD start and stop boundaries along with domain interior and exterior (± 20 kb) portions (20-kb bins, all autosomes), in pachytene spermatocytes (PS), round spermatids (RS), sperm, and embryonic stem cells (ESC). Genomic location information for pairwise point interactions are presented in Supplementary Dataset 5.