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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 14.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Nanotechnol. 2019 Jan 14;14(3):260–268. doi: 10.1038/s41565-018-0344-3

Fig. 6. Proposed scheme of the role of biomolecule corona and immunoglobulin in activation of the alternative pathway:

Fig. 6.

IgG binds to the biomolecule corona and then attacked by spontaneously formed (nascent) C3b molecules. Alternatively, IgG-C3b complexes are formed in fluid phase prior to binding of IgG to biomolecule corona of the nanoparticle. The deposition of C3b leads to formation of C3bBbProperdin, cleavage of serum C3 and deposition of additional C3b molecules on nanoparticle corona proteins (amplification). In addition to IgG, other immunoglobulin types may potentially trigger the process.