Table 3:

Future Specialty Clinician Investigators’ Contributions to Progress

Topic	Specialty Clinician Educator Future Contributions
Role of aging mechanisms in age-related conditions	• Development of mechanism-proximal markers and targets and relating them to multiple aging phenotypes • Knowledge about favorable and unfavorable clinical effects of interventions targeting particular aging mechanisms and pleiotropy in the effects of aging mechanisms on multiple outcomes • Application of new technologies, such as imaging and other noninvasive measures
Multimorbidity	• Knowledge about the bidirectional interactions between aging mechanisms and age-related conditions • How one age-related morbidity might influence the progression of others through effects on aging mechanisms • The interactions among specific disease combinations and their treatments • The trade-offs between the potential benefits and harms of interventions
Prevention	• Knowledge about the implications of research participant selection; the development of screening methods • The potential for expanding the role of tests that might detect early stages of aging pathology • The sensitivity, specificity, and clinical impact of new screening or diagnostic tests in patients of differing ages and comorbidities • The value of linking with epidemiological studies, and integrating information from clinical encounters with data from longitudinal studies to improve understanding of modifiable risk factors for aging outcomes.
Healthcare quality measures and evidentiary bases for payment	• Development of appropriate performance and outcome measures for patients with multimorbidities and integrate them with disease-specific measures • Assess the relative clinical value of new diagnostic tests of interventions, compared with alternatives, and evidence-based indications for which patients should receive them