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. 2019 Feb 28;9:33. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00033

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Copyright © 2019 Coulon, Groleau and Déziel.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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An updated version of the Hmq biosynthesis pathway based on Vial et al. (2008). Proposed Hmq biosynthesis pathway, based on HAQ biosynthesis in P. aeruginosa, produces HHQ and HMAQ both with a saturated or unsaturated acyl chain. HmqF adds the unsaturation on the fatty acid. HmqG may methylate 2-ABA to form 2-ABAmethyl which will form either HMAQ and HMAQ-N-oxides but also DHMQ in lower quantity. Note that only B. thailandensis is able to produce HQNO molecules.