Table 4.
Stimulated cytokines and psychological/symptom scores over time in patients and healthy volunteers.
| HV (n = 15) Initial visit | HV (n = 15) Return visit | IBS-D (n = 7) Initial visit | IBS-D (n = 7) Return visit | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TNFα (pg/mL) | 29.4 (12.9–138.2) | 67.3 (23.7–118.8) | 301.3 (90.1–588.1) | 355.4 (69.5–614.9) |
| Anxiety | 4.0 (3.8–5.3) | 3.0 (2.0–6.3) | 12.0 (8.0–16.0) | 11.0 (4.0–14.0) |
| Depression | 1.0 (0.8–2.3) | 1.5 (0–3.0) | 6.0 (2.0–8.0) | 5.0 (4.0–8.0) |
| PHQ15 | 3.5 (1.0–4.3) | 4.5 (2.8–8.0) | 18 (11.0–20.0) | 12 (10.0–19.0)* |
| IBS-SSS | 12.8 (0–27.8) | 18.3 (4.5–37.0) | 306.0 (229.0–389.0) | 265.5 (218.0–300.0)$ |
| IBS-QOL | 0 (0–2.5) | 3.0 (0–6.3) | 112.0 (81.0–150.0) | 100.0 (48.0–145.0) |
HV: Healthy Volunteers. IBS-D: diarrhoea-predominant IBS, IBS-C: constipation-predominant IBS, IBS-M: IBS with mixed symptoms. PHQ15: Somatization score, IBS-SSS: IBS Symptom Severity Score. IBS-QOL: IBS-36 Quality of Life score. Note: for Anxiety, depression, PHQ15, IBS-SSS and IBS-QOL scores, n = 14 for HV. Raw data is shown. The change in cytokine concentration or symptom score was calculated by subtracting the initial measurement or score from the repeat and analysed. *p = 0.0012 vs HV; $p = 0.0098 vs HV.