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. 2019 Mar 6;9:3763. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40378-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Pyruvate-depletion induced dispersion is independent of BdlA, DipA, and RbdA previously described to play a role in nutrient-induced dispersion. (A) CV-stained biomass and (B) representative brightfield images of biofilms by P. aeruginosa PAO1 and indicated mutant strains that either left untreated or exposure to 10 mU PDH and cofactors for 16 h. White size bar = 100 µm. *Statistically different from untreated biofilms (p < 0.05). All experiments were carried out at least in triplicate. Error bars denote standard deviation.