Table 6.

Comparison of routes of drug administration with respect to the presence of polypharmacy.

Route of administration	Polypharmacy (all medications)			Polypharmacy (long-term medications only)
	Pw/oP	PwP	Statistics	Pw/oP	PwP	Statistics
N	133	173		177	129
buccala	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.2)	z = −1.762, p = 0.078U	0.0 (0.2)	0.0 (0.2)	z = −1.327, p = 0.185U
conjunktivala	0.0 (0.0)	0.1 (0.3)	z = −2.957, p = 0.003U	0.0 (0.1)	0.1 (0.3)	z = −3.333, p = 0.001U
cutaneousa	0.0 (0.1)	0.1 (0.3)	z = −2.340, p = 0.019U	0.0 (0.1)	0.1 (0.3)	z = −2.712, p = 0.007U
intramusculara	0.1 (0.2)	0.0 (0.2)	z = −0.757, p = 0.449U	0.1 (0.3)	0.0 (0.2)	z = −0.856, p = 0.392U
intravenousa	0.4 (0.5)	0.8 (0.7)	z = −5.141, p < 0.001U	0.5 (0.6)	0.8 (0.6)	z = −3.868, p < 0.001U
nasala	0.0 (0.1)	0.0 (0.1)	z = −0.187, p = 0.852U	0.0 (0.1)	0.0 (0.1)	z = −0.225, p = 0.822U
perorala	1.7 (1.0)	6.2 (2.6)	z = −14.381, p < 0.001U	2.3 (1.5)	6.9 (2.6)	z = −13.596, p < 0.001U
pulmonarya	0.0 (0.1)	0.1 (0.2)	z = −1.307, p = 0.191U	0.0 (0.1)	0.1 (0.3)	z = −2.197, p = 0.028U
rectala	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.2)	z = −1.242, p = 0.214U	0.0 (0.2)	0.0 (0.1)	z = −0.220, p = 0.826U
subcutaneousa	0.4 (0.6)	0.8 (0.7)	z = −5.332, p < 0.001U	0.5 (0.6)	0.8 (0.7)	z = −4.865, p < 0.001U
sublinguala	0.0 (0.1)	0.0 (0.2)	z = −0.803, p = 0.422U	0.0 (0.1)	0.0 (0.2)	z = −0.038, p = 0.970U
vaginala	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.2)	z = −1.762, p = 0.078U	0.0 (0.1)	0.0 (0.1)	z = −0.319, p = 0.750U

N, number of patients; PwP, patients with polypharmacy; Pw/oP, patients without polypharmacy.

^aMean value (standard deviation) of the number of drugs taken per patient; ^UMann-Whitney U test.