. 2019 Mar 6;9:3743. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40283-5

Table 7.

Comparison of medications regarding polypharmacy, age and patient care.

N	Polypharmacy (all medications)			Polypharmacy (long-term medications only)			Age (Years)			Patient care
	Pw/oP^a	PwP^a	FDR^Fi	Pw/oP^a	PwP^a	FDR^Fi	<60^a	≥60^a	FDR^Fi	OP^a	IP^a	FDR^Fi
	133	173		177	129		247	59		146	160
Aconuresis drugs	8.3	26.6	<0.001	7.3	34.1	<0.001	17.0	25.4	0.243	9.6	26.9	<0.001
Analgesics	18.0	31.8	0.015	23.2	29.5	0.298	25.5	27.1	1.000	25.3	26.3	1.000
Antiallergics	3.8	4.6	0.956	4.5	3.9	1.000	5.3	0.0	0.167	5.5	3.1	0.730
Antidementives	0.0	2.3	0.194	0.0	3.1	0.051	0.8	3.4	0.266	0.7	1.9	0.907
Anti-depressants	8.3	26.6	<0.001	9.0	31.8	<0.001	15.8	30.5	0.055	12.3	24.4	0.024
Antiepileptics	3.0	27.7	<0.001	4.0	34.9	<0.001	13.0	33.9	<0.001	7.5	25.6	<0.001
Antihyper-tensives	6.0	39.9	<0.001	8.5	48.1	<0.001	17.8	55.9	<0.001	11.6	37.5	<0.001
Anti-infective drugs	0.8	12.7	<0.001	1.7	15.5	< 0.001	5.7	15.3	0.076	4.1	10.6	0.108
Anti-Parkinson drugs	0.8	7.5	0.010	1.7	8.5	0.019	3.6	8.5	0.257	2.1	6.9	0.113
Antispas-modics	3.8	35.8	<0.001	9.0	39.5	<0.001	19.4	32.2	0.094	6.8	35.6	<0.001
Antivertiginous drugs	0.0	1.2	0.669	0.0	1.6	0.243	0.0	3.4	0.094	0.0	1.3	0.823
Asthma drugs	0.0	3.5	0.063	0.0	4.7	0.010	1.2	5.1	0.171	2.1	1.9	1.000
Cholesterol-lowering drugs	0.8	13.9	<0.001	1.1	17.8	<0.001	4.0	25.4	<0.001	2.7	13.1	0.003
Common cold remedies	5.3	15.0	0.015	8.5	14.0	0.199	9.3	16.9	0.189	11.0	10.6	1.000
Contraceptives	15.0	8.7	0.162	16.4	4.7	0.004	14.2	0.0	<0.001	19.9	3.8	<0.001
Dermatics	1.5	1.7	1.000	1.1	2.3	0.716	1.6	1.7	1.000	1.4	1.9	1.000
Diabetes drugs	0.8	8.1	0.007	2.3	8.5	0.028	3.6	10.2	0.106	2.1	7.5	0.080
Dietary supplements	21.1	38.7	0.003	23.7	41.1	0.004	31.2	30.5	1.000	32.2	30.0	0.979
DMDs	92.5	91.9	1.000	91.5	93.0	0.716	92.3	91.5	0.967	95.9	88.8	0.079
Eye drops	0.0	6.4	0.007	0.6	7.8	0.003	2.4	8.5	0.097	2.7	4.4	0.858
Fampridine	0.8	14.5	<0.001	5.1	13.2	0.036	7.7	11.9	0.455	4.1	12.5	0.033
Fatigue drugs	0.0	1.7	0.358	0.0	2.3	0.111	0.8	1.7	0.653	0.7	1.3	1.000
Gastrointes-tinal drugs	11.3	68.2	<0.001	24.9	69.0	<0.001	37.2	69.5	<0.001	11.6	72.5	<0.001
IT for comorbidities	0.0	4.0	0.035	0.0	5.4	0.004	1.2	6.8	0.084	1.4	3.1	0.783
Menopause medications	1.5	5.2	0.183	1.7	6.2	0.091	4.0	1.7	0.885	2.1	5.0	0.435
Migraine medications	0.8	1.2	1.000	1.1	0.8	1.000	1.2	0.0	1.000	0.7	1.3	1.000
Neuroleptics	0.8	1.2	1.000	0.6	1.6	0.654	0.8	1.7	0.653	0.7	1.3	1.000
Osteoporosis drugs	17.3	49.1	<0.001	22.0	53.5	<0.001	30.8	54.2	0.004	22.6	46.9	<0.001
Sedatives	8.3	44.5	<0.001	18.1	43.4	<0.001	24.3	47.5	0.004	4.8	50.6	<0.001
Thrombosis prophylactics	7.5	64.7	<0.001	18.6	69.0	<0.001	31.6	74.6	<0.001	7.5	69.4	<0.001
Thyroid drugs	13.5	15.6	0.800	12.4	17.8	0.257	14.2	16.9	0.777	15.8	13.8	0.907
Uricostatics	0.0	0.6	1.000	0.0	0.8	0.497	0.4	0.0	1.000	0.0	0.6	1.000
VRA	0.0	0.6	1.000	0.0	0.8	0.497	0.4	0.0	1.000	0.0	0.6	1.000

DMD, disease-modifying drug; FDR, adjusted p-value according to false discovery rate; IP, inpatients; IT, immunotherapy; OP, outpatients; PwP, patients with polypharmacy; Pw/oP, patients without polypharmacy; VRA, vasopressin receptor antagonists.

^aFrequency of use of medication groups (%); ^FiFisher’s exact test.