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. 2019 Mar 6;9:3715. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39551-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Altered expression of genes coding for scar-associated components after SCI. (A–F) mRNA expression levels of GFAP, fibronectin, collagen IV, aggrecan, brevican, and neurocan were measured by quantitative PCR analysis in spinal cord tissue from WT (white circles) and mMCP4^−/− mice (black circles) at 2 dpi, 7 dpi, and 28 dpi. Samples from mice that did not undergo surgery were included as a control. (A) GFAP mRNA levels were significantly elevated in mMCP4^−/− mice compared with WT mice at 28 dpi. (B,C) In contrast, fibronectin and collagen IV gene expression were increased in the WT group compared to mMCP4^−/− mice at 7 dpi. Out of the CSPGs, (D) aggrecan and (E) brevican mRNA were both not differentially expressed after injury whereas the expression of (F) neurocan was increased in mMCP4^−/− mice compared to the WT mice at 2 dpi. Expression levels were normalized to the reference genes YHWAZ and CYCA, and converted to fold change values vs. the WT control condition using the 2^−∆∆CT method as described in the methods. Data are presented as mean ± SEM; n = 5–9 mice analyzed/group; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.